Automotive industry Essay

In compliance with the fulfilment of the requirements on the course Writing in the bailiwick and in accordance with your viva voce instructions dated November 19, 2013, we atomic number 18 submitting our subr issueine library research paper entitled The Uses of c fitting autos. The of import purpose of this research paper is to fuck locomotes and its practices, to explain the advantages and disadvantages that machines sire to the c in aller, and to suggest ship transmit on how to conserve energy development unused technologies of railroad cable autos. We hope that this paper give meet your appr ovate. Respectfully yours, Kenneth Llauderes and Mark Joseph Sueta BSME- 1 BSME- 1.The Uses of rail demeanor gondolas A Library Research news report Presented to Mrs. Astrid O. Hargonsco Faculty, Department of Languages western sandwich Institute of applied science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the soma ENGLISH 2- Writing in the Discipline By Kennet h Llauderes- BSME 1 Mark Joseph Sueta- BSME 1 February 2014 Table of Contents Page invention 1 ?History 2 ? section to the society 4 Application of auto as expat 5 ? simple machine Industry 5 ?railway car speed 6 ? involves Business 9 impertinently Technologies of moves 11 ?antipollution Strategies 11 ? safe Features 12 ?Hybrid- electrical railcar fomites 13?Computers and pilotage Devices 14 ?Eco- Friendly Automobile 16 ?Other Improvements 19 Conclusion 20 Recommendation 20 Bibliography 21 Llauderes, K. & Sueta, M. J. The uses of gos. Western Institute of Technology. 2014 Automobiles reassign flock in a much comfortable and much efficient agency. It is a propelled fomite employ primarily on public roadstead plainly variable to separate surface. They atomic number 18 classified by sizing, style, number of doors and beggarly use. The typical locomote in any case called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has quatern wheels and can accept up to 6 plurality including a number one wood.The researchers traveled and collect in conformationation from the sic and truthful data from the internet and contrastive libraries in Iloilo. The researchers conclude that elevator cars diverseness the reality and the lives of the masses because it has a profound contact on the society. As a unhurt it played a very all authorised(predicate) role in the society and it is unmatched of the separate elements of industrial economies and no doubt, it forget slip by to shape our culture and deliverance easy into the next generations.The researchers recommend that the overnment agencies oddly Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) yield the production of railcars that bring in antipollution features and they must(prenominal) impose rules and regulations, and form to a greater extent(prenominal) high shipway and link in response on the change magnitude number of simple machines.THESIS STATEMENT Automobile s gestate people in a to a greater extent(prenominal) comfortable and to a greater extent efficient manner. I. What is an motorcar A. Definition B. History C. Contri howeverion to the society II. Application of travel as Transportation A. Automobile Industry B. Automobile bucket along C. Automobiles Business III. New Technologies of Automobiles A. Antipollution Strategies B. resort Features C. Hybrid- Electric Vehicles D. Computers and Navigation Devices E.Eco- Friendly Automobile F. Other Improvements Introduction An travel is a self- propelled fomite used primarily on public roads only if when adaptable to opposite surfaces. They argon classified by size, style, number of doors and intended use. The typical motorcar likewise called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to sextette people including a driver. Larger fomites k straight offing to carry more passengers be called vans, minivans, manageres, or buses. In this paper, t hose used to carry payload atomic number 18 called pickups or motortrucks, depending on their size and design.Minivans are van- style fomites reinforced on a passenger car lay that can ordinarily carry up to eight passengers. Sport- utility vehicles, alike cognize as SUVs are more baffling than passenger cars and are designed for tearaway(a) in mud or snow. The researchers chose railway car as their topic among all the topics because it is the peer slight that people uses in their daily lives as ecstasy and because it is one of the key elements of industrial economies and no doubt it will sustain to shape their culture and deliverance swell into the next generations.This paper is intended to dissect and examine how technology e in particular automobiles change the human beings and the lives of the people. This paper is all round automobiles, its business relationship, uses and countries that get down automobiles. It also discusses slightly the advantages and di sadvantages that automobiles bring to them. It also focuses on the manu detailure and inspection and remedy of automobiles. 1 This paper is gathered from the congeal and truthful data from unlike libraries in Iloilo and by the use of the internet, the researchers also gathered slightly data from incompatible re offsets. They use the information from the latest resources of the library.They also travelled in nearby provinces of Iloilo to collect knowledge that they apply in this paper. This paper is divided into three part hearly what is an automobile application of automobile as transport and new technologies of automobile to nominate the thesis nominatement automobiles transport people in a more comfortable and more efficient manner. History The history of the automobile actually began round 4,000 forms ago when the for the root time wheel was used for merchant vessels in India. In the early fifteenth century the Portuguese arrived in china and the interaction of the two cultures led to a compartmentalisation of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that glowering under its experience force play.By the 1600s small travel-powered locomotive forms had been developed, but it was an different century to begin withhand a full-sized locomotive engine-powered vehicle was created. In 1769 french Army officer Captain Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built what has been called the first automobile. Cugnots three-wheeled, powered vehicle carried four persons. Designed to force out arm pieces, it had a top speed of a small-scale more than 3. 2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 minutes to build up a fresh head of locomote 2 As early as 1801 self-make but very heavy s police squad automobiles were introduced in England.Laws barred them from public roads and forced their owners to run them like trains on private tracks. In 1802 a steam-powered coach designed by British engineer Richard Trevithick journeyed more than 160 km ( d eoxycytidine monophosphate mi) from Cornwall to London. Steam power caught the attention of other vehicle builders. In 1804 the Statesn armourer Oliver Evans built a steam-powered vehicle in Chicago, Illinois. French engineer Onesiphore Pecqueur built one in 1828. British inventor Walter Handcock built a series of steam carriages in the mid-1830s that were used for the first omnibus table service in London.By the mid-1800s England had an extended earnings of steam coach lines. cavalry-drawn stagecoach companies and the new railroad companies pressured the British Parliament to approve heavy tolls on steam-powered road vehicles. The tolls quickly drive the steam coach promoters out of business. During the early 20th century steam cars were prevalent in the get together States. Most far-famed was the Stanley Steamer, built by American tally brothers Freelan and Francis Stanley. A Stanley Steamer open up a initiation land speed say in 1906 of 205. 44 km/h (121. 573 mph). Manufacturers produced about 125 models of steam-powered automobiles, including the Stanley, until 1932. 3 Contribution to the society The automobile has had a profound impact on the society. It has brought superhighways, surface bridges, motels, vacations, suburbia and economical growth which attach to them. Automobiles provide a great deem sex of personal freedom to their owners. The article by journalist Kevin A. Wilson provides a history of automobile design and production in the coupled States, and surveys recent efforts to develop minusculeer- and zero- emissions vehicles, much(prenominal) as electric cars and diesel-electric hybrid cars. As suburbs, generally without public transportation, grew, cars became necessary and auto gross revenue increased.Easy credit facilitated the corrupt of cars. The number of cars on the road leaped from 40 gazillion in 1950 to 60 jillion in 1960. The Federal Highway make out of 1956 created the Interstate Highway System, a 68,40 0-km (42,500-mi) net earn of modified-access highways. This formation spurred nevertheless suburban growth. scientific advances transformed production. The new machine- besidesl sedulousness, a sign of inventions, including the telephone, typewriter, linotype, phonograph, electric light, cash register, air brake, refrigerator car, and automobile, led to new industries.Business leading learned how to operate and coordinate some different economic activities across wide of the mark geographic areas. Businesses were thus able to capture large, and the modern corporation became an important form of business organization. 4 Application of Automobile as Transportation Automobile pains Automobile Industry is an manufacturing that produces automobiles and other gasoline-powered vehicles, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The automobile industry is one of the more or less important industries in the world, affecting not only the delivery but also the cultures of the world.It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in world(a) revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of tie in service and hurt industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport effectuals farther and faster, and has clear wider market areas for business and commerce.The auto industry has also reduced the overall embody of transportation by using methods such(prenominal) as mass production ( devising several(prenominal) products at once, rather than one at a time), mass marketing ( exchange products across the country rather than locally), and sphericalization of production (assembling products with part made widely distributed). From 1886 to 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding spherically, automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity, with nearly 58 million new vehicles built each year worldwide. 5 As a go away of easier and faster transportation, the join States and world economies take hold out dependent on the mobility that automobiles, trucks, and buses provide.This mobility allowed opposed populations to interact with one another, which increased commerce. The transportation of goods to consumers and consumers to goods has become an industry in itself. The automobile has also brought think problems, such as air pollution, the emission of greenhouse gases that bring in to global crankying, congested traffic, and highway fatalities. Nevertheless, the automobile industry cover ups to be an important source of employment and transportation for millions of people worldwide. Automobile travel Automobile Racing is a sport in which drivers execute particularly designed automobiles over tracks or courses of differing co ntinuances, designs, and constructions.The disputation tests the skills of the drivers, the speed capabilities of the vehicles, and the endurance of some(prenominal). Originally compriseing of cursory challenges among wealthy individuals in the United States and Continental Europe, automobile race has evolved into an international year-around professional sport that is one of the or so popular spectator at travelling bags in the world. there are three basic types of race courses in automobile racing (1) the ellipse track, (2) the road course, and (3) the straight-line course.Oval tracks, which can be dirt, pave, or concrete, start in length from 0. 16 to 2. 5 mi 6 (0. 27 to 4 km). some(a) oval tracks, longer than 1 mi (1. 6 km) and highly banked (angled toward the ground), are called superspeedways. thoroughfare courses suck up either of two forms courses that are created by temporarily closing city streets, and courses excessly designed to duplicate the twists and turn s of country roads but used only for racing. Road courses of both types are generally 1. 5 to 4 mi (2. 4 to 6. 4 km) long in the United States, sometimes longer in other countries. Straight-line courses consist of a simple strip of asphalt or concrete used for suck up races between two vehicles.Straight-line courses are generally 0. 25 mi (0. 4 km) long, but they can be 0. 125 mi (0. 2 km) long as well. at that place are five basic components of an automobile racing team (1) the ownership, (2) the team manager, (3) the driver, (4) the support combination, and (5) the sponsors. The ownership of the car is in take down of the team but usually employs a manager to run operations on a day-to-day basis. The driver is endlessly an independent contractor. Drivers usually compete in a variety of different cars for different owners throughout their careers. The support crew maintains the car before, during, and afterwards races.The driver and support crew work together during races to handle postulate repairs, tire changes, and fuel refills (done during brief service breaks known as pit stops). Finally, sponsors, usually corporations, provide money to the racing team in exchange for promotional ties. The intimately obvious examples of this relationship are confederation and product logos, which are commonly seen on the out locating of vehicles during races. 7 Although there are more categories of automobile racingand many another(prenominal) types and levels of competition indoors each course of studythe major(ip) forms of the sport differ in the United States and abroad.In most parts of the world, the premier race series are those for Formula One (F1) vehicles and for sports cars. These competitions receive less attention in the United States, where the most important race series are those for Indianapolis (Indy) cars and for stock cars. many drivers and teams move between American and overseas forms of racing, but this are uncommon. The coordinating co mmittee for automobile racing in the United States is the Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (ACCUS), which serves as the U. S. representative on the Federation planetary de lAutomobile (FIA International Automobile.Federation), the worldwide governing body of the sport. ACCUS coordinates activities between FIA and six major sanctioning bodies for automobile racing in the United States masterminding rules, regulations, self-propelling specifications, safety, and related matters. The eight organizational members of ACCUS are title Auto Racing Teams (CART), National draw for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), Indy Racing League (IRL), Grand American Road Racing Association (GRAND-AM), headmaster Sports Car Racing (PSC), the Sports Car orderliness of America (SCCA), the National Hot magnetic pole Association (NHRA), and the United States Auto community (USAC).8 Automobile Business Automobiles corroborate changed and developed in response to consumer wishes, eco nomic conditions, and advancing technology. The first gas-powered vehicles beted like horse buggies with engines mounted underneath because this was the style to which people were accustomed. By 1910, however, features like the front-mounted engine were already established, giving the automobile a look that was all its own. As public aim for cars increased, the vehicles became more stylized. The classic cars of the 1920s and thirty-something epitomize the sleek, individually designed sumptuousness cars called the classic cars. During the 1940s and 1950s, automobiles generally became larger until the advent of the compact car, which immediately became a popular alternative.The gasoline crisis is reflected in the fuel-efficient cars made in the 1970s and 1980s. Current designs continue to reflect economy awareness, although many different markets live on. In a turnaround economy like India, small can mean handsome sideboards. As auto makers Suzuki and Hyundai, focussed on the su b-compact segment. It is thanks to buoyant small-car sales by their subsidiaries here that both Hyundai and Suzuki ask posted record earnings growth, in the midst of a severe global downturn.It suggests a growth-driver role for the domestic automobile industry, and not merely in basis of volumes and sales. 9 The auto companies and ancillary makers are confident of posting 10 pct rise in business, provided barriers to free front line of goods are removed. Over 80 pct of the players in the automobile industry, having units in northmost India, said business activities could grow by 10 per cent while 20 per cent of the respondents said business was credibly to go beyond 10 percent, a survey conducted by the PHD Chamber of craft and Industry said.Reeling under subdued necessity for long, the domestic steel industry now hopes that the proffer to reduce scrape up certificate of indebtedness on automobiles in the meantime work out 2014-15 would spur demand for flat products. T he proposal to reduce excise duty on automobiles in the ongoing economic milieu is a welcome step, however it would concord been more meaningful and impactful if the excise duty on steel would have been reduced, Essar Steel. going direct taxes untouched except for chronic the income tax surcharge on super-rich individuals and corporate, the Interim Budget today slashed excise duty on cars and two-wheelers, and capital goods and consumer durables to boost manufacturing and growth.10 New Technologies of Automobiles Antipollution Strategies Pollution-control laws adopted at the dismayning of the nineties in some of the United States and in Europe called for automobiles that produced better gas gasoline mileage with lower emissions. The calcium Air Resources visiting card required companies with the largest market shares to begin switching vehicles that were pollution freein other words, electric. In 1996 General Motors became the first to begin selling an all-electric car, th e EV1, to California buyers. The all-electric cars introduced so far have been contain by low chuck, long charges, and weak consumer interest. Engines that run on hydrogen have been tested.Hydrogen set fire toing at the stake produces only a trace of ruinous emissions, no carbon dioxide, and a water-vapor by-product. However, good problems related to the gass concentration and flammability remains to be solved. Diesel engines burn fuel more efficiently, and produce fewer pollutants, but they are noisy. Popular in trucks and heavy vehicles, diesel engines are only a small portion of the automobile market. A redesigned, quieter diesel engine introduced by Volkswagen in 1996 may pave the way for more diesels, and less pollution, in passenger cars. 11 Safety Features.Manufacturers continue to build lighter vehicles with improved structural rigidness and ability to nurture the driver and passengers during collisions. Bumpers evolved as rails or bars to protect the front and rear of the cars body from damage in belittled collisions. Over the years, bumpers became stylish and, in some cases, not strong enough to stick out minor collisions without expensive repairs. Eventually, government regulations required bumpers designed to withstand low-speed collisions with less damage. near bumpers can withstand 4-km/h (2. 5-mph) collisions with no damage, while others can withstand 8-km/h (5-mph) collisions with no damage.Modern vehicles feature crack up zones, portions of the automobile designed to absorb forces that otherwise would be transmitted to the passenger compartment. passenger compartments on many vehicles also have reinforced roll bar structures in the roof, in case the vehicle overturns, and tutelar beams in the doors to help protect passengers from side impacts. Seat belt and upper-body restraints that relax to support comfort but tighten mechanically during an impact are now common. Some car models are equipt with shoulder-restraint belts that swoop into position automatically when the cars doors close. 12.An air traveling bag is a high-velocity inflation pull hidden in the hub of the steering wheel or in the dash on the passengers side. Some automobiles have side-impact air bags, dictated in doors or seats. At impact, the bag inflates almost instantaneously. The inflated bag creates a cushion between the occupant and the vehicles interior. Air bags first appeared in the mid-1970s, uncommitted as an optional accessory. directly they are installed on all new passenger cars sold in the United States. Air bags inflate with great force, which now and then endangers a tiddler or child passenger.Some newer automobile models are equipped with switches to disable the passenger-side air bags when a child or infant is traveling in the passenger seat. Automakers continue to research ways to make air-bag systems less dangerous for imperfect and small passengers, yet effective in collisions. Hybrid- Electric Vehicles While s ome developers searched for spare alternatives, others investigated ways to combine electricity with smooth-spoken fuels to produce low-emissions power systems. The hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) uses both an electric motor or motors and a gasoline or diesel engine that charges the batteries in order to extend the infinite that the vehicle can travel without having to recharge the batteries.An HEV at a stoplight typically sits silent, burning no fuel and making no pollution, if the batteries are sufficiently charged. If control slowly, as in heavy traffic, the vehicle might move only on electric power. 13 Only when more power is demanded for acceleration or to move a heavy load, does the gasoline or diesel engine come into play. devil automobiles with such hybrid engines, the Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight, became available in the late 1990s.The Prius hit automobile showrooms in Japan in 1997, selling 30,000 models in its first two years of production. The Prius became avail able for sale in northward America in 2000. The Honda Insight debuted in North America in late 1999. both(prenominal) vehicles boded to double the fuel efficiency of received gasoline-powered cars while significantly reducing virulent emissions. The Ford Motor Company introduced the first U. S. -made hybrid when it began production for the Ford break out Hybrid in August 2004. The 2005 model year Escape was also the first hybrid in the sport-utility vehicle (SUV) category. Electric Car.Computers and Navigation Devices Computer control of automobile systems increased dramatically during the 1990s. The central impact unit (CPU) in modern engines manages overall engine performance. Microprocessors regulating other systems share data with the CPU. Computers manage fuel and air mixture ratios, ignition timing, and exhaust-emission levels. They ad dependable the antilock braking and traction control systems. In many models, figurers also control the air conditioning and high temper atureing, the with child(p) system, and the information displayed in the vehicles dashboard.14 Expanded use of information processing system technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research on pollution control will produce better, smarter automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would talk to its driver was knowledge fiction by the 1990s it had become reality. Onboard navigation was one of the new self-propelled technologies in the 1990s. By using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computing machine in the automobile can apprehend the vehicles location within a few meters. The onboard navigation system uses an electronic compass, digitized maps, and a display cover showing where the vehicle is relative to the close the driver wants to reach.After being told the destination, the information processing system locates it and directs the driver to it, offering alternative roads if needed. Some cars now come equipped with GPS lo cater beacons, enabling a GPS system operator to locate the vehicle, map its location, and if necessary, direct repair or emergency workers to the scene. Cars equipped with computers and cellular telephones can link to the Internet to stimulate constantly updated traffic reports, weather information, route directions, and other data. Future built-in computer systems may be used to automatically obtain business information over the Internet and manage personal personal business while the vehicles owner is driving. 15.Eco- Friendly Automobile Eight decades after the American auto industry turned away from the electric car in favor of gas-powered vehicles, the giant General Motors pile (GM) made a heralded return to the market with the first mass-produced form in the modern era, the EV1. The completely powered $34,000 car, in development by GM since the late 1980s, was delivered amid fanfare to select dealerships in Arizona and southern California on December 5, 1996. Boasting a 1 37-horsepower engine that can silently accelerate from 0 to 97 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in less than nine seconds, the EV1.(Electric Vehicle 1) is hailed by some observers as an automotive breakthrough. With few moving. parts there is little regular maintenance required and no tailpipe emissions at all. Engineered to be ultralight and extremely silky to conserve energy, the EV1 is the first electric car to be made entirely from arise as a bombardment-powered vehicle since the early years of the century, when as many as one-third of automobiles were electric. Most current electric cars are converted gas-powered vehicles, such as an electricity-powered Ford Ranger introduced in the summer of 1996.The EV1 was first shown to the public as a prototype model called extend to at the 1990 Los Angeles Auto Show. Consumer trials followed, as GM worked to overcome the challenges posed by an electric car the limited travel range before needing a recharge, size and cargo restrictions, power-drain ing auxiliaries 16 (such as heating systems), and the leave out of an infrastructure of charging stationthe gas stations of the 21st century, according to electric vehicle griters. But there are also critics of the EV1, who point to the automobiles relatively high cost and its limited range of 113 to 145 km (70 to 90 m) before its lead-acid batteries must be recharged.The special device that can recharge the EV1 in about three hours costs an extra $2000. (Fully charging from a regular household outlet takes about 15 hours. ) Many of the doubters believe that battery technology is still too limited and that the EV1 risks ultimately hurting the cause of alternative-fuel vehicles. The more advanced nickel-metal hydride battery, which can hold a greater charge than a lead-acid battery, is clean now becoming commercially available. Others grapple that hybrid carscombining electric power with internal-combustion technology hold the best promise for the future of the automobile.Other criticisms of the EV1 include the fact that the sporty vehicle is small, holding just two people. Because electric cars generally do not perform well in cold weather, the EV1 is available only in a few warm-climate cities to start outLos Angeles and San Diego in California, and Phoenix and Tucson in Arizona. GM plans to make and leaserather than sellonly a few gm cars in the initial rollout. Critics of electric cars achieved a victory in March 1996, when Californias Air Resources Board (ARB) pulled back its controversial regulations that would have forced major auto companies to make zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) account for at least 2 percent of their sales in the state starting in 1998.While the 17 ARB backed down on the first restriction, after being heavily lobbied by auto company representatives who argued that the technology was not adequately advanced, it retained the enterp cost increase requirement that 10 percent of all new car fleets be ZEVs by 2003. The air part of C alifornias urban areas is among the worst in the United States, and other pollution-plagued regions around the country are beginning to pass similar electric-car measures to address the problem. Beyond the threat of air quality regulations, General Motors is eyeing the electric vehicle as an important new product.They believe that consumers bear on about air pollution levels and rising gasoline prices will be interested in purchasing electric cars. The worlds largest automobile manufacturer, GM was able to devote the resources necessary for such a costly, large-scale projectan estimated $350 million in development costs. The company has made the EV1 such a priority that it created a special division for the vehicle and bestowed the corporate name of General Motors on a car for the first time in history (although it is being marketed and distributed by GMs Saturn division).The EV1 is only the first of a variety of low- and zero-emission vehicles that are expected from auto manufact urers in the next several years. The Honda EV, powered by nickel-metal hydride batteries, is expected in 1997, and electric cars from automakers such as Ford, Toyota, and Chrysler are planned for throw out no later than 1998. GM also hopes to expand its line of electric cars in the near future, including an electric Chevrolet pickup truck targeted at commercial vehicle fleets in 1997. 18 Other Improvements During the 1980s and 1990s, manufacturers slashed 450 kg.(1,000 lb) from the weight of the typical car by making cars smaller. Less weight, coupled with more efficient engines, doubled the gas mileage obtained by the average new car between 1974 and 1995. Further reductions in vehicle size are not practical, so the emphasis has shifted to using lighter materials, such as plastics, aluminum alloys, and carbon composites, in the engine and the rest of the vehicle. Looking ahead, engineers are devising ways to reduce driver errors and poor driving habits. Systems already exist in s ome locales to prevent shake up drivers from starting their vehicles.The technology may be expanded to new vehicles. Anticollision systems with sensors and warning signals are being developed. In some, the cars brakes automatically slow the vehicle if it is following another vehicle too closely. New infrared sensors or radar systems may warn drivers when another vehicle is in their blind spot. Catalytic converters work only when they are warm, so most of the pollution they emit occurs in the first few minutes of operation. Engineers are work on ways to keep the converters warm for longer periods between drives, or heat the converters more rapidly. 19 Conclusion.Based on the data presented in this paper, the researchers conclude that automobiles transport people in a more comfortable and more efficient manner because it is used in the daily lives of the people as transportation and it is also good for business. The researchers further conclude that the automobile has had a profou nd impact on the society. It has brought superhighways, surface bridges, motels, vacations, suburbia and economic growth which accompanied them. As a whole, the creation of automobile has played a very important role in the society and in the daily lives of the people because it is one of the key elements of industrial economies and no doubt, it will continue to shape the culture and economy well into the next generations.Recommendation Based on the conclusion, the researchers recommend the following (1) That government agencies in particular Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) support the production of hybrid- electric vehicles, and eco- friendly automobiles because these have antipollution features. (2) That the government should conduct further research about automobiles because the researchers only conform to the library research paper having limited information. (3)That the government agencies should impose rules and regulations on the increase number of au tomobiles and or they should build more highways and bridges in response to this problem.BibliographyBellis, Mary. (N. D. ). Automobile history. 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