tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3530156070313034742024-02-08T10:55:29.586-08:00Websites that write essaysJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.comBlogger678125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-22868846131926806892020-08-26T13:40:00.001-07:002020-08-26T13:40:06.310-07:00Hamlet Movie Essays - English-language Films, Characters In HamletHamlet Movie The film of Hamlet was a great, to the extent book-motion pictures go. I trust it was created with center, reason, and rationale. The characters were additionally depicted with a decent translation. There were a few changes to the play contrasted with the book, in spite of the fact that the film was done so that they were not especially missed, from the film's perspective. In spite of the fact that, from my perspective, after perusing the book, there were a few to some degree significant scenes and components missing. The first scene in quite a while missed. This had an impact in setting the stage and was a piece of the entire subject all through the entire play. It was in this scene that the phantom of Hamlet Sr. was first observed and where a significant part of the plot created. Hamlet Sr. disclosed to Hamlet Jr. that he had been executed by Claudius also, that he should have vengeance, Hamlet Jr. being the individual to vindicate him. In the book, this carried on all through the remainder of the play and without it the plot was not as concrete from the earliest starting point. The imbecilic play and play for the ruler and court was compacted. In the film, it comprised of principally only an idiotic show and afterward the ruler got distraught. It ought to have incorporated that first and still had a entire play, in which exceptional lines embedded by Hamlet Jr. were to be perused. This didn't have a sensational effect in transit the plot was introduced in the film, be that as it may, was simply perceptible. Most definitely, I accept that the chief worked superbly. Clearly, this originating from Hollywood sort of gives it points of interest to every single past introduction. Mel Gibson was an incredible decision for Hamlet, since he is acceptable on-screen character and had his influence brilliantly. Different characters were depicted positively as well. Sound impacts and music were exceptionally key in this creation. It included quite a lot more life also, feeling to the introduction when contrasted with different others I have seen. I delighted in the apparition out of sight. The music gave this play life, that the different creations needed. I delighted in this rendition of Hamlet considerably more than any others. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-79248046662192275412020-08-22T08:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:22:02.905-07:00Write about live performance of Alicia Keys & Jay-Z - Empire State of Movie ReviewExpound on live execution of Alicia Keys and Jay-Z - Empire State of Mind - Movie Review Example She draws in the group by requesting that their preparation appreciate the melody, a valid and an away from of value music. At the point when Jay Z comes in feelings run high which cause a sound adrenaline over-burden. He arrives in a hood a typical design among adherents and individuals who like the melody. It is an instrumental rap Ballard having a tonal piano circle played from the start with Alicia keys, who doesn't just foulness the group during the live presentation, yet additionally brings out eagerness portrayed by the group. The tune has a style of pop rap melodic style spoke to by electropop and symphonic pop. A long scope of 84-rhythm beat every moment proves this. The tune contains an example 1970 Billboard R &B graph single which had a title of adoration on a two way road formed by the occasions. The piano part of the melody makes the tune, additionally engaging, as it goes through the entire tune. The tune a succession of F#-C#/B-B-F of movement. The smashing piano harmonies of the melody are another Sinatra, which broadcasts the substance of new York. N words are available through the melody whereby a hip-bounce legend persuades the section of Jay Z in the stage. The principal line for example, ââ¬Å"Year, Imma up at Brooklinâ⬠is a remembering Deniro and neighborhood lingo verse, which changes English words into swarm relieving and moving words. The music is a consequence of motivation in Alicia keys about New York. This gets delineated in the first video, which opens, by a slide show of New York City. The slide show is in highly contrasting structures, which is then cut by an initial verse by Alicia keys before inviting Jay Z. to make the melody rock the groups and funs, Jay Z and Alicia keys dress in the youthful age outfits. During the live exhibition, different verses are utilized, which contain irreverence to catch the consideration of funs. What's more, it is a tune, which includes polarity, in a forceful way that leaves the group, in uneasiness and requirement for additional. All in all, the melody, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-2221026850853311352020-08-20T04:18:00.001-07:002020-08-20T04:18:04.359-07:00Personal Essay Spotlight David Sedaris College EssayPersonal Essay Spotlight David Sedaris College Essay Personal Essay Spotlight: David Sedaris Personal Essay Spotlight: David Sedaris Hooray! Its another installation of Personal Essay Spotlight in which we help you master the art of the personal essay by harnessing the techniques of the greats. This week, weâre tackling another common challenge (that will come up again and again): Seeing the big picture. At College Essay Advisors, we love discovering the details that make you you. And guess what? Admissions officers love that too. The rest of your application may tell the story of what you have achieved, but it doesnât say much about the little things that add up to your big personality. Have you taught yourself how to play the glockenspiel or rollerblade (or both at the same time??)? Can you solve the Rubiks cube in 7 seconds? Did catsitting for an elderly neighbor affect the way you see the world? Who would ever know if these little gems didât make it into your application somehow? The challenge, of course, is that you want to extract a larger message about who you are as a person from these small anecdotes. That sounds easy, right? (JK,JK.) Luckily, some brilliant writers have tread this ground before us, and today we turn to the sensei of the big picture: David Sedaris. Sedaris is the master of the personal essay, known to shed light on his family life, relationships and even his travel adventures with an idiosyncratic and observant outlook that has inspired many a belly laugh. He makes his details work hard and saturates his writing with small anecdotes that reveal his unique view of the world while also driving at some larger point or observation. In this passage from his book Me Talk Pretty One Day, Sedaris describes the experience of learning French as an adult from a particularly brutal teacher (seriously you have no idea). He loads it up with tiny details that speak to his quirky sense of humor, but also expose him as a hard worker and diligent student. Take a look: Learning French is a lot like joining a gang in that it involves a long and intensive period of hazing. And it wasnt just my teacher; the entire population seemed to be in on it. Following brutal encounters with my local butcher and the concierge of my building, Id head off to class, where the teacher would hold my corrected paperwork high above her head, shouting, Heres proof that David is an ignorant and uninspired ensigiejsokhjx. Refusing to stand convicted on the teachers charges of laziness, Id spend four hours a night on my homework, working even longer whenever we were assigned an essay. I suppose I could have gotten by with less, but I was determined to create some sort of an identity for myself. Wed have one of those complete the sentence exercises, and Id fool with the thing for hours, invariably settling on something like, A quick run around the lake? Id love to. Just give me a minute to strap on my wooden leg. The teacher, through word and action, conveyed the message that, if this was my idea of an identity, she wanted nothing to do with it. My fear and discomfort crept beyond the borders of my classroom and accompanied me out onto the wide boulevards, where, no matter how hard I tried, there was no escaping the feeling of terror I felt whenever anyone asked me a question. I was safe in any kind of a store, as, at least in my neighborhood, one can stand beside the cash register for hours on end without being asked something so trivial as, May I help you? or How would you like to pay for that? [] Over time, it became impossible to believe that any of us would ever improve. Fall arrived, and it rained every day. It was mid-October when the teacher singled me out, saying, Every day spent with you is like having a cesarean section. And it struck me that, for the first time since arriving in France, I could understand every word that someone was saying. Understanding doesnt mean that you can suddenly speak the language. Far from it. Its a small step, nothing more, yet its rewards are intoxicating and deceptive. The teacher continued her diatribe, and I settled back, bathing in the subtle beauty of each new curse and insult. See how the small details and observations come together to drive a much larger story? Look at the second paragraph, where he says he was, determined to create some sort of an identity, and then expands on this claim with a description of the quirky and painstaking work he put into crafting unique complete the sentence responses. And notice how, throughout the story, his words say one thing but end up meaning something completely different; for example, his initial description of the brutality of learning French returns at the end, transforming the image of victimhood into a description of resilient and self-deprecating victory. You can read the rest of Sedaris essay over at Esquire. And donât forget to stay tuned for more posts that will help you tackle your own personal essays! Want more examples? Check out the last Personal Essay Spotlight. Check out more Tips for Brainstorming Essay Topics. Read more about The College Essay Advisors Process. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-56297834320311372622020-05-24T12:52:00.001-07:002020-05-24T12:52:04.287-07:00The History of Containment Policy Containment was a foreign policy strategy followed by the United States during the Cold War. First laid out by George F. Kennan in 1947, the policy stated that communism needed to be contained and isolated, or else it would spread to neighboring countries. American foreign policy advisors believed that once one country fell to communism, each surrounding country would fall as well, like a row of dominoes. This view was known as the domino theory. Adherence to the policy of containment and domino theory ultimately led to U.S. intervention in Vietnam as well as in Central America and Grenada. Containment Policy The Cold War began after World War Two when nations formerly under Nazi rule ended up split between the conquests of the U.S.S.R. and the newly freed states of France, Poland, and the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe. Since the United States had been a key ally in liberating western Europe, it found itself deeply involved in this newly divided continent: Eastern Europe wasnt being turned back into free states, but rather being placed under the military and political control of the Soviet Union. Further, western European countries appeared to be wobbling in their democracies because of socialist agitation and collapsing economies, and the United States began to suspect that the Soviet Union was deliberately destabilizing these countries in an effort to bring them into the folds of communism. Even countries themselves were dividing in half over the ideas of how to move forward and recover from the last world war. This resulted in a lot of political and military turmoil for the years to come, with such extremes as the establishment of theà Berlin Wallà to separate East and West Germany due to the opposition to communism. The United States developed its policy of containment to prevent communism from spreading further into Europe and the rest of the world. The concept was first outlined in George Kennans Long Telegram, which he sent from the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. The message arrived in Washington, D.C., on February 22, 1946, and was circulated widely around the White House. Later, Kennan published the document as an article titled The Sources of Soviet Conduct ââ¬â which became known as X Article because Kennan used the pseudonym Mr. X. The policy of containment was adopted by President Harry Truman as part of his Truman Doctrine in 1947, which redefined Americas foreign policy as one that supports the free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. This came at the height of the Greek Civil War of 1946-1949 when much of the world was waiting to see which direction Greece and Turkey would go, and the United States agreed to help both countries to avoid the possibility that the Soviet Union would lead them to communism. The Creation of NATO Acting deliberately (and at times aggressively) to involve itself in the border states of the world and prevent them from turning communist, the United States spearheaded a movement that would eventually lead to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The group alliance represented a multi-national commitment to halting the spread of communism. In response, the Soviet Union signed an agreement called the Warsaw Pact with Poland, Hungary, Romania, East Germany, and several other nations. Containment in the Cold War: Vietnam and Korea Containment remained central to American foreign policy throughout the Cold War, which saw rising tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1955, the United States entered what some historians consider a proxy war with the Soviet Union, by sending troops into Vietnam to support the South Vietnamese in their battle against the communist North Vietnamese. The United States involvement in the war lasted until 1975, the year the North Vietnamese captured the city of Saigon. A similar conflict took place during the early 1950s in Korea, which was likewise divided into two states. In the fight between North Korea and South Korea, the United States backed the South, while the Soviet Union backed the North. The war ended with an armistice in 1953 and the establishment of the Korean Demilitarized Zone, a 160-mile barrier between the two states. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-39945698671644794002020-05-13T18:37:00.001-07:002020-05-13T18:37:03.306-07:00Puerto Rico and U.S. Presidential Elections Voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories are not permitted to vote in the presidential election under the provisions set forth in the Electoral College. But they do have a say in who gets to the White House. Thats because voters in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa are permitted to participate in the presidential primary and are granted delegates by the two major political parties. In other words, Puerto Rico and the other U.S. territories get to help nominate the presidential candidates. But voters there cannot actually participate in the election itself because of the Electoral College system. Can Puerto Ricans Vote? Why cant voters in Puerto Rico and the other U.S. territories help elect the President of the United States? Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution makes it clear that only states can participate in the electoral process. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress, the U.S. Constitution reads. The Office of the Federal Register, which oversees the Electoral College, states: The Electoral College system does not provide for residents of U.S. Territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) to vote for President. The only way citizens of the U.S. territories can participate in the presidential elections is if they have official residency in the United States and vote by absentee ballot or travel to their state to vote. This ââ¬Å"disenfranchisementâ⬠or denial of the right to vote in national elections ââ¬â including presidential elections ââ¬â also applies to U.S. citizens residing in Puerto Rico or any of the other U.S. unincorporated territories. Although the committees of both the Republican party and Democratic party in Puerto Rico select voting delegates to the partiesââ¬â¢ national presidential nominating conventions and state presidential primaries or caucuses, U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico or the other territories cannot vote in federal elections unless they also maintain a legal voting residence in one of the 50 states or in the District of Columbia. Puerto Rico and the Primary Even though voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories cant vote in the November election, the Democratic and Republican parties allow them to select delegates to represent them at the nominating conventions. The national Democratic partys charter, enacted in 1974, states that Puerto Rico shall be treated as a state containing the appropriate number of Congressional Districts. The Republican party also allows voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories to participate in the nomination process. In the 2008 Democratic presidential primary, Puerto Rico had 55 delegates ââ¬â more than Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wyoming, and several other states with populations lesser than the U.S. territorys 4 million. Four Democratic delegates went to Guam, while three went to the Virgin Islands and American Samoa each. In the Republican presidential primary of 2008, Puerto Rico had 20 delegates. Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands each had six. What are the US Territories? A territory is an area ofà land that is administered by the United States government but not officially claimed by any of the 50 states or any other world nation. Most depend on the United States for defense and economic support. Puerto Rico, for example, is a commonwealth ââ¬â a self-governed, unincorporated territory of the United States. Its residents are subject to U.S. laws and pay income taxes to the U.S. government. The United States currently has 16 territories, of which only five are permanently inhabited: Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Classified as unincorporated territories, they are organized, self-governing territories with governors and territorial legislatures elected by the people. Each of the five permanently inhabited territories may also elect a non-voting ââ¬Å"delegateâ⬠or ââ¬Å"resident commissionerâ⬠to the U.S. House of Representatives. The territorial resident commissioners or delegates function in the same way as members of Congress from the 50 states, except they are not allowed to vote on the final disposition of legislation on the House floor. However, they are allowed to serve on congressional committees and receive the same annual salary as other rank-and-file members of Congress. Sources Frequently Asked Questions. U.S. Electoral College, Office of the Federal Register, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. Section 1. Article II, Executive Branch, Constitution Center. The Democratic National Committee. The Charter the Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States. DNC Services Corporation, August 25, 2018. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-27033403905903098362020-05-06T14:09:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:09:37.392-07:00The Amber Spyglass Chapter 4 Ama And The Bats Free Essays string(41) " patient woman seated at the cave mouth\." Ama, the herdsmanââ¬â¢s daughter, carried the image of the sleeping girl in her memory: she could not stop thinking about her. She didnââ¬â¢t question for a moment the truth of what Mrs. Coulter had told her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 4 Ama And The Bats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sorcerers existed, beyond a doubt, and it was only too likely that they would cast sleeping spells, and that a mother would care for her daughter in that fierce and tender way. Ama conceived an admiration amounting almost to worship for the beautiful woman in the cave and her enchanted daughter. She went as often as she could to the little valley, to run errands for the woman or simply to chatter and listen, for the woman had wonderful tales to tell. Again and again she hoped for a glimpse of the sleeper, but it had only happened once, and she accepted that it would probably never be allowed again. And during the time she spent milking the sheep, or carding and spinning their wool, or grinding barley to make bread, she thought incessantly about the spell that must have been cast, and about why it had happened. Mrs. Coulter had never told her, so Ama was free to imagine. One day she took some flat bread sweetened with honey; walked the three-hour journey along the trail to Cho-Lung Se, where there was a monastery. By wheedling and patience and by bribing the porter with some of the honey bread, managed to gain an audience with the great healer Pagdzin tulku, who had cured an outbreak of the white fever only the year before, and who was immensely wise. Ama entered the great manââ¬â¢s cell, bowing very low and offering her remaining honey bread with all the humility she could muster. The monkââ¬â¢s bat daemon swooped and darted around her, frightening her own daemon, Kulang, who crept into her hair to hide, but Ama tried to remain still and silent until Pagdzin tulku spoke. ââ¬Å"Yes, child? Be quick, be quick,â⬠he said, his long gray beard wagging with every word. In the dimness the beard and his brilliant eyes were most of what she could see of him. His daemon settled on the beam above him, hanging still at last, so she said, ââ¬Å"Please, Pagdzin tulku, I want to gain wisdom. I would like to know how to make spells and enchantments. Can you teach me?â⬠ââ¬Å"No,â⬠he said. She was expecting that. ââ¬Å"Well, could you tell me just one remedy?â⬠she asked humbly. ââ¬Å"Maybe. But I wonââ¬â¢t tell you what it is. I can give you the medicine, not tell you the secret.â⬠ââ¬Å"All right, thank you, that is a great blessing,â⬠she said, bowing several times. ââ¬Å"What is the disease, and who has it?â⬠the old man said. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s a sleeping sickness,â⬠Ama explained. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s come upon the son of my fatherââ¬â¢s cousin.â⬠She was being extra clever, she knew, changing the sex of the sufferer, just in case the healer had heard of the woman in the cave. ââ¬Å"And how old is this boy?â⬠ââ¬Å"Three years older than me, Pagdzin tulku,â⬠she guessed, ââ¬Å"so he is twelve years old. He sleeps and sleeps and canââ¬â¢t wake up.â⬠ââ¬Å"Why havenââ¬â¢t his parents come to me? Why did they send you?â⬠ââ¬Å"Because they live far on the other side of my village and they are very poor, Pagdzin tulku. I only heard of my kinsmanââ¬â¢s illness yesterday and I came at once to seek your advice.â⬠ââ¬Å"I should see the patient and examine him thoroughly, and inquire into the positions of the planets at the hour when he fell asleep. These things canââ¬â¢t be done in a hurry.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is there no medicine you can give me to take back?â⬠The bat daemon fell off her beam and fluttered blackly aside before she hit the floor, darting silently across the room again and again, too quickly for Ama to follow; but the bright eyes of the healer saw exactly where she went, and when she had hung once more upside down on her beam and folded her dark wings around herself, the old man got up and moved around from shelf to shelf and jar to jar and box to box, here tapping out a spoonful of powder, there adding a pinch of herbs, in the order in which the daemon had visited them. He tipped all the ingredients into a mortar and ground them up together, muttering a spell as he did so. Then he tapped the pestle on the ringing edge of the mortar, dislodging the final grains, and took a brush and ink and wrote some characters on a sheet of paper. When the ink had dried, he tipped all the powder onto the inscription and folded the paper swiftly into a little square package. ââ¬Å"Let them brush this powder into the nostrils of the sleeping child a little at a time as he breathes in,â⬠he told her, ââ¬Å"and he will wake up. It has to be done with great caution. Too much at once and he will choke. Use the softest of brushes.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thank you, Pagdzin tulku,â⬠said Ama, taking the package and placing it in the pocket of her innermost shirt. ââ¬Å"I wish I had another honey bread to give you.â⬠ââ¬Å"One is enough,â⬠said the healer. ââ¬Å"Now go, and next time you come, tell me the whole truth, not part of it.â⬠The girl was abashed, and bowed very low to hide her confusion. She hoped she hadnââ¬â¢t given too much away. Next evening she hurried to the valley as soon as she could, carrying some sweet rice wrapped in a heart-fruit leaf. She was bursting to tell the woman what she had done, and to give her the medicine and receive her praise and thanks, and eager most of all for the enchanted sleeper to wake and talk to her. They could be friends! But as she turned the corner of the path and looked upward, she saw no golden monkey, no patient woman seated at the cave mouth. You read "The Amber Spyglass Chapter 4 Ama And The Bats" in category "Essay examples" The place was empty. She ran the last few yards, afraid they had gone forever ââ¬â but there was the chair the woman sat in, and the cooking equipment, and everything else. Ama looked into the darkness farther back in the cave, her heart beating fast. Surely the sleeper hadnââ¬â¢t woken already: in the dimness Ama could make out the shape of the sleeping bag, the lighter patch that was the girlââ¬â¢s hair, and the curve of her sleeping daemon. She crept a little closer. There was no doubt about it ââ¬â they had gone out and left the enchanted girl alone. A thought struck Ama like a musical note: suppose she woke her before the woman returnedâ⬠¦ But she had hardly time to feel the thrill of that idea before she heard sounds on the path outside, and in a shiver of guilt she and her daemon darted behind a ridge of rock at the side of the cave. She shouldnââ¬â¢t be here. She was spying. It was wrong. And now that golden monkey was squatting in the entrance, sniffing and turning his head this way and that. Ama saw him bare his sharp teeth, and felt her own daemon burrow into her clothes, mouse-formed and trembling. ââ¬Å"What is it?â⬠said the womanââ¬â¢s voice, speaking to the monkey, and then the cave darkened as her form came into the entrance. ââ¬Å"Has the girl been? Yes ââ¬â thereââ¬â¢s the food she left. She shouldnââ¬â¢t come in, though. We must arrange a spot on the path for her to leave the food at.â⬠Without a glance at the sleeper, the woman stooped to bring the fire to life, and set a pan of water to heat while her daemon crouched nearby watching over the path. From time to time he got up and looked around the cave, and Ama, getting cramped and uncomfortable in her narrow hiding place, wished ardently that sheââ¬â¢d waited outside and not gone in. How long was she going to be trapped? The woman was mixing some herbs and powders into the heating water. Ama could smell the astringent flavors as they drifted out with the steam. Then came a sound from the back of the cave: the girl was murmuring and stirring. Ama turned her head: she could see the enchanted sleeper moving, tossing from side to side, throwing an arm across her eyes. She was waking! And the woman took no notice! She heard all right, because she looked up briefly, but she soon turned back to her herbs and the boiling water. She poured the decoction into a beaker and let it stand, and only then turned her full attention to the waking girl. Ama could understand none of these words, but she heard them with increasing wonder and suspicion: ââ¬Å"Hush, dear,â⬠the woman said. ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t worry yourself. Youââ¬â¢re safe.â⬠ââ¬Å"Roger,â⬠the girl murmured, half-awake. ââ¬Å"Serafina! Whereââ¬â¢s Roger goneâ⬠¦ Where is he?â⬠ââ¬Å"No one here but us,â⬠her mother said, in a singsong voice, half-crooning. ââ¬Å"Lift yourself and let Mama wash youâ⬠¦ Up you come, my loveâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Ama watched as the girl, moaning, struggling into wakefulness, tried to push her mother away; and the woman dipped a sponge into the bowl of water and mopped at her daughterââ¬â¢s face and body before patting her dry. By this time the girl was nearly awake, and the woman had to move more quickly. ââ¬Å"Whereââ¬â¢s Serafina? And Will? Help me, help me! I donââ¬â¢t want to sleep ââ¬â No, no! I wonââ¬â¢t! No!â⬠The woman was holding the beaker in one steely-firm hand while her other was trying to lift Lyraââ¬â¢s head. ââ¬Å"Be still, dear ââ¬â be calm ââ¬â hush now ââ¬â drink your tea ââ¬â ââ¬Å" But the girl lashed out and nearly spilled the drink, and cried louder: ââ¬Å"Leave me alone! I want to go! Let me go! Will, Will, help me ââ¬â oh, help me ââ¬â ââ¬Å" The woman was gripping her hair tightly, forcing her head back, cramming the beaker against her mouth. ââ¬Å"I wonââ¬â¢t! You dare touch me, and Iorek will tear your head off! Oh, Iorek, where are you? Iorek Byrnison! Help me, Iorek! I wonââ¬â¢t ââ¬â I wonââ¬â¢t ââ¬â ââ¬Å" Then, at a word from the woman, the golden monkey sprang on Lyraââ¬â¢s daemon, gripping him with hard black fingers. The daemon flicked from shape to shape more quickly than Ama had ever seen a daemon change before: cat-snake-rat-fox-bird-wolf-cheetah-lizard-polecat- But the monkeyââ¬â¢s grip never slackened; and then Pantalaimon became a porcupine. The monkey screeched and let go. Three long quills were stuck shivering in his paw. Mrs. Coulter snarled and with her free hand slapped Lyra hard across the face, a vicious backhand crack that threw her flat; and before Lyra could gather her wits, the beaker was at her mouth and she had to swallow or choke. Ama wished she could shut her ears: the gulping, crying, coughing, sobbing, pleading, retching was almost too much to hear. But little by little it died away, and only a shaky sob or two came from the girl, who was now sinking once more into sleep ââ¬â enchanted sleep? Poisoned sleep! Drugged, deceitful sleep! Ama saw a streak of white materialize at the girlââ¬â¢s throat as her daemon effortfully changed into a long, sinuous, snowy-furred creature with brilliant black eyes and black-tipped tail, and laid himself alongside her neck. And the woman was singing softly, crooning baby songs, smoothing the hair off the girlââ¬â¢s brow, patting her hot face dry, humming songs to which even Ama could tell she didnââ¬â¢t know the words, because all she could sing was a string of nonsense syllables, la-la-la, ba-ba-boo-boo, her sweet voice mouthing gibberish. Eventually that stopped, and then the woman did a curious thing: she took a pair of scissors and trimmed the girlââ¬â¢s hair, holding her sleeping head this way and that to see the best effect. She took one dark blond curl and put it in a little gold locket she had around her own neck. Ama could tell why: she was going to work some further magic with it. But the woman held it to her lips firstâ⬠¦ Oh, this was strange. The golden monkey drew out the last of the porcupine quills and said something to the woman, who reached up to snatch a roosting bat from the cave ceiling. The little black thing flapped and squealed in a needle-thin voice that pierced Ama from one ear to the other, and then she saw the woman hand the bat to her daemon, and she saw the daemon pull one of the black wings out and out and out till it snapped and broke and hung from a white string of sinew, while the dying bat screamed and its fellows flapped around in anguished puzzlement. Crack ââ¬â crack ââ¬â snap ââ¬â as the golden monkey pulled the little thing apart limb by limb, and the woman lay moodily on her sleeping bag by the fire and slowly ate a bar of chocolate. Time passed. Light faded and the moon rose, and the woman and her daemon fell asleep. Ama, stiff and painful, crept up from her hiding place and tiptoed out past the sleepers, and didnââ¬â¢t make a sound till she was halfway down the path. With fear giving her speed, she ran along the narrow trail, her daemon as an owl on silent wings beside her. The clean cold air, the constant motion of the treetops, the brilliance of the moon-painted clouds in the dark sky, and the millions of stars all calmed her a little. She stopped in sight of the little huddle of stone houses and her daemon perched on her fist. ââ¬Å"She lied!â⬠Ama said. ââ¬Å"She lied to us! What can we do, Kulang? Can we tell Dada? What can we do?â⬠ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t tell,â⬠said her daemon. ââ¬Å"More trouble. Weââ¬â¢ve got the medicine. We can wake her. We can go there when the womanââ¬â¢s away again, and wake the girl up, and take her away.â⬠The thought filled them both with fear. But it had been said, and the little paper package was safe in Amaââ¬â¢s pocket, and they knew how to use it. wake up, I canââ¬â¢t see her ââ¬â I think sheââ¬â¢s close by ââ¬â sheââ¬â¢s hurt me ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Oh, Lyra, donââ¬â¢t be frightened! If youââ¬â¢re frightened, too, Iââ¬â¢ll go mad ââ¬â ââ¬Å" They tried to hold each other tight, but their arms passed through the empty air. Lyra tried to say what she meant, whispering close to his little pale face in the darkness: ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m just trying to wake up ââ¬â Iââ¬â¢m so afraid of sleeping all my life and then dying ââ¬â I want to wake up first! I wouldnââ¬â¢t care if it was just for an hour, as long as I was properly alive and awake. I donââ¬â¢t know if this is real or not, even ââ¬â but I will help you, Roger! I swear I will!â⬠ââ¬Å"But if youââ¬â¢re dreaming, Lyra, you might not believe it when you wake up. Thatââ¬â¢s what Iââ¬â¢d do, Iââ¬â¢d just think it was only a dream.â⬠ââ¬Å"No!â⬠she said fiercely, and stamped her foot so hard it even hurt in her dream. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 4 Ama And The Bats, Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-5025447522382519712020-05-05T13:46:00.001-07:002020-05-05T13:46:02.975-07:00Living with a host family Essay Example For Students Living with a host family Essay There are several reasons which make me believe that living with a host family is the best chose when studying abroad. Host family is a family which a student pays for living with-often when studying abroad. First, Practice a foreign language with native speakers in their day-to-day make students learns the language faster. Improving his English is also one of the benefits. Second, a guest student will learn a lot of new things and skills by share in the daily life and experiences of the family and immerse himself in that familys culture. Also he will learn how to be responsible by depending upon him. Other skill is communicated with different people with different culture by introducing him to families, friends, and neighbors. On the other hand, some people may say that a student who lives with a host family will feel homesick. In fact, most host families make their foreign students a part of the family by given the opportunity to share in conversation and daily activities. So when students are sick or perhaps simply homesick, a loving host family, ready to provides advice and offer moral support for the student who would otherwise be alone. Lastly it can be seen clearly that Living abroad with a host family can be very, very good. Student can make new friends, see new places and immerse himself thoroughly in a new culture complete with local languages and slang. It also can give students experience and teach him how to be responsible. Living with a host family is full of advantage. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-72438147910084699372020-04-01T11:52:00.001-07:002020-04-01T11:52:03.014-07:00Brand Building and Consumer Decision Making The consumer attitude to the Pink brand has proven to be higher than positive, and it is necessary to track the peculiarities of its formation in order to make some feasible conclusions about the secret of Pinkââ¬â¢s success in the market, both as a part of the Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret brand, and separately, as a cute, young, and bright brand.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Building and Consumer Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 1. Buyer Decision Process of Pink consumers. The typical customerââ¬â¢s decision-making process concerning the purchase of the product under the Pink brand may identified the following way, depending on whether it is a customer new to the Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret brand or not. In case the customer has never bought the Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret items before, she is likely to perceive the increased accessibility of the aspired brand, and buy the products that she used to want to buy, but could not afford due to the higher than average prices of the VSââ¬â¢s exclusive products. However, some customers (who are indeed of younger age) may really want to buy an item from the Pink series because it suits their hip and fashionable style more than the luxurious items of the mainstream Victoriaââ¬â¢s secret brand that may look not old-fashioned, but too adult for some young women who want to seem younger. Those who are not new to the brand, and used to buy Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret items, may be attracted to the Pink series for two reasons: first of all, because they are loyal to the brand and they are sure in its quality, so they want to diversify the set of their lingerie by some more hip, bright, and cute items of the same brand. Every woman is versatile, and at times she wants to look serious and mature, but at times she wants to have fun with peers and friends, so wearing cute and bright lingerie may contribute to the playful mood of a wom an belonging to any age group. The second reason is trust to the trend; women know that Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret is a highly fashionable brand that speaks for itself. Hence, issuing a collection of bright, even childish loungewear may indicate the coming fashion for bright colors and playful designs, which makes it strategically important to have such an item in every womanââ¬â¢s wardrobe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2. Concept of Aspirational Groups; Limits for Its Application. The concept of aspirational groups also has a very serious impact on the buying decisions in the present case. There are two aspirational groups that produce the influence on buyers of Pink items; first of all, it is the group of upper class. As it has been mentioned above, the Pink series is much more accessible in price than standard Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret offers, hence the middle class wo men who have dreamt of having a VS bra will finally have it, no matter that it will belong to the Pink sub-brand; the main idea is that it is the sub-brand of Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret. However, there is one more aspirational group producing impact on the buyers; according to Kotler and Armstrong (2010), aspirational groups are those ââ¬Å"to which the individual wishes to belongâ⬠; hence, here not only issues of class but issues of age as well as concerned. As the case study says, the Pink series has attracted attention of much younger categories such as teens and ââ¬Ëtweensââ¬â¢, who are younger than 18, though the advertising campaign of Pink stated that the targeted segment was between 18 and 30 years old. The Pink products are very attractive to younger girls because they let them feel older, and the aspirational group is already the group of older, more mature girls. It is obvious from this case that marketers should establish certain boundaries for the creation of the aspirational groupsââ¬â¢ concept through their advertising or promotion. It is important due to the loss of the brandââ¬â¢s authenticity, specificity, and individuality; in case the brand is suitable for all people in the market segment, or for many market segments, there will be no uniqueness and individuality that is highly appreciated by many customers. More than that, the aspirational group of age is non-ethical, since it creates false images and aspirations in younger categories of customer groups and distorts the brand perception. 3. Positive and Negative Consumer Attitudes towards the Pink Brand. Despite the popularity of the Pink label growing recently, there are clearly both negative and positive attitudes that can be formed towards the sub-brand.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Building and Consumer Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The negative attitudes may arise from t he change of focus that was exclusive, limited series of supreme lingerie that is now longing to mass production and attraction of greater masses of middle-class consumers. In addition, Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secret has been traditionally viewed as a deluxe brand for mature women, so the childishness and light-mindedness of the new brand may also be disapproved as negative reputation to the serious, luxury brand. However, the positive perceptions of the brand are much more popular, and may arise from the accessibility of the brand, at least in a different form, to larger numbers of buyers. In addition, younger women, and girls in their early twenties, may not have to choose between wearing cute, bright lingerie, and buying supreme items thereof. In addition, younger girls may like the brand because it fits their tastes and interests, which is often neglected by lingerie producers ââ¬â teens already need it, and they should be targeted as well. 4. Role of Pink in the Formation of Teen sââ¬â¢ and Tweensââ¬â¢ Self-Concept. It is hard to say what role the Pink brand may play in the formation of the teensââ¬â¢ and tweensââ¬â¢ self-concept, but it is highly probable that a significant change will not occur. The reason for this is in the design of Pink items ââ¬â they are cute, funny, even childish, so they, on the contrary, will help teens and tweens wear lingerie and loungewear and still be teens and tweens, without the need of getting old quickly. The hearts and polka-dots, staffed animals, bright colors and hip designs of the Pink loungewear will help young women and teens remain in their age, having all items in the wardrobe that they want and need for their casual life. References Kotler, P., Armstrong, J. (2010). Principles of marketing. (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. This essay on Brand Building and Consumer Decision Making was written and submitted by user Michael Parsons to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-34348891383090368102020-03-07T22:37:00.001-08:002020-03-07T22:37:03.911-08:00LSD essaysLSD essays L.S.D is known to the scientific world as D-lysergic-acid-diethylmide. Some common names for LSD, are as follows: Acid, 'Cid, bart Simpsons, Barrels, Tabs, Blotters, Heavenly blue, "L", Liquid, Micro-Dots, Mind Detergant, Orange Cubes, Orange Micro, Owsley, Hits, Paper Acid, Sacrement, Sandoz, Sugar, Sunshine, Ticket, Twenty-Five, Wedding Bells, Windowpanes, etc. There are a number of methods to produce LSD variants at home, as well as pure LSD. The normal stoner that would be make LSD variants won't have the Knowledge to make LSD but with the help of alcohol, a type of ether (which can be procured from school labs), and morning glory seeds they can produce a slightly different drug. While it is still mainly LSD, you also have the variables of alcoholic consumption. And these variants work on contact. Unlike LSD which takes a few minutes to run through your blood, the liquid variants seep right through the tissue membranes and directly into the blood. Why is LSD used? Many cu ltures use it as a release of the mind for meditive reasons only, such as some Indian Nations, and also some Oriental Religious sects. Also the CIA has had in the past a keen interest in LSD, for specifically two reasons. To wear down enemy spies so that they will give information, and also to calm their own agents so they will not show agitation, or anxiety while "on the job". The rest of the people use it for fun, or either scientific testing. LSD effects more then one of the human body systems. Somatic effects are, hyperthermia, hyperglycemia, vomiting, and hypotension. Psycological effects are, hallucinations, depersonalization, reliving of repressed memories, mood swings, euphoria, megalomania, and a schizophrenic-like state. Cognitive effects are, disturbed thought process, difficulty expressing thoughts, impairment of reasoning, and impairment of memory. Perceptual effects are, increased stimulus from environment, changes in shapes/color ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-80094438499768481722020-02-20T14:04:00.001-08:002020-02-20T14:04:02.386-08:00Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsEli Whitney and the Cotton Gin - Research Paper Example taying on her plantation, he learned about the production of cotton, and the difficulty farmers faced making a living.Cotton was a very important crop, it was easy to grow and its fibers could be stored for a long time. The problem was that cotton plants contained seeds that were very hard to separate from the fibers. Another type of cotton called long staple was very easy to clean but grew along the coast.Most of the farmers had to grow the short staple cotton, which required a lot of labor. It had to be cleaned by hand, which was a very difficult and very time consuming. A cotton picket could pick the seeds from one pound of short staple cotton a day. In the process; Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This significantly revolutionized the cotton industry amid of creating a very profitable business in the cotton industry1. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to look into how the invention and production of Eli Whitneyââ¬â¢s cotton gin created a very profitable business in the cotton industry. Secondly, whether this ultimately lead to the increase amount of slavery and in the end caused the Civil War. The researcher used various arguments both for and against the position that the invention of the cotton gin created more profitable cotton industry and it triggered slavery and civil war. The invention of the Eli Whitneyââ¬â¢s cotton gin (Engine) created a very profitable business in the cotton industry. The cotton gin is one of the mechanical devices invented to remove the seeds of cotton from the husks. Previously, the process was very labor-intensive and hence low output experienced. The cotton gin was wooden drum with some hooks stuck all over and pulled by some wire mesh. The invention of the cotton gin led to an increased productivity level that inturn promoted high profitability level. This is because the cotton gin could generate over 55 pounds of cotton per day which is equivalent to 25 kilograms. As a result,this led to continuous economic growth in Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-60049050294093221852020-02-04T21:21:00.001-08:002020-02-04T21:21:02.782-08:00Operations Management - Aggregate Planning AssignmentOperations Management - Aggregate Planning - Assignment Example Disaggregation refers to the process of breaking down the contents of the aggregate plan into particular product requirements to determine the inventory requirements, labor requirement, and materials (Reid, 2002). The inputs of the master schedule are forecast demand; inventory costs, production costs, inventory levels, lot size, customer orders, capacity, supply, and production lead time. On the other hand, the outputs of the master schedule are projected available balance, staffing levels, amounts to be produced and quantity available that is promised (Reid, 2002). 2 MRP, which is the acronym for Materials Requirements Planning is regarded as an inventory control and production planning system that is mainly used to manage the manufacturing processes. It acts as a bridge between both production and master planning. The MRP inputs are a single or a multi-level bill of materials as well as the quantity of all the final products to be produced, which are derived from the sales orders or the sales projections. The outputs for MRP are the recommended production schedule and the recommended purchasing schedule (Reid, 2002). The MRP process is quite extensive and it passes through a number of stages in order to manage the manufacturing processes via the inventory control and production planning system. Starting with the end items, the first step is to establish all the gross requirements needed. Secondly, the net requirements are determined by subtracting both the receipts as well as the projected hand inventory from gross requirements. The third step is to time phase all the net requirements. Finally, the last step is to determine the order releases that are planned (Reid, 2002). Below is an example of a table illustrating the MRP process 3 The main goals of JIT are to have a balance rapid flow. The supporting goals are to make the system to be flexible, to eliminate waste particularly the excess inventory and to eliminate disruptions. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-66871310318023491682020-01-27T17:44:00.001-08:002020-01-27T17:44:06.046-08:00Global Rise Of Oil Prices Economics EssayGlobal Rise Of Oil Prices Economics Essay Energy and Oil is a strategic commodity and very valuable to everyday life. Millions around the world are affected if there is a significant change in the price of oil, especially if the prices increases. The price is affected by two factors, supply and demand. If the supply is steady, stable and adequate to meet up with world demand there wouldnt be an issue. But this isnt the case, to say the least World prices of energy sources began to rise as early as 2005 and showed no sign of stopping, By march 2005 OPEC had admitted to losing control on prices and immediately sought to pump additional barrels but wasnt sufficient. In 2007 the price of oil nearly doubled and continued to rise into early 2008, leading on to the economic crisis. Gas, coal, nuclear energy and in particular oil reached soaring prices as high as $160 a barrel like someone had lost a grip on it somewhere. This price spike in oil prices is due to a combination of factors, first the Kyoto protocol that finally came into effect in 2007, the rising demand from India and china, the neglect from oil companies and investors as they search and research on other alternative source of energy. Political struggles, corruption and attacks on oil pipe lines in one of OPECs member country Nigeria. Where unrest in the African oil region has resulted to a lost in 175,000 barrels per day.à [1]à The fall in value of the US currency played a major role and is partly responsible, since the price for these commodities is typically quoted in US dollars. The financial crisis and recessions in the global economy also appears to have contributed to a substantial increase in speculative interest in energy future markets, helping to boost prices. World oil demand is expected to increase substantially until 2020 according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA , 2006) while in the IEO (Independent Evaluation Office) 2009 projections total world consumption of energy is projected to increase by 44 percent until 2030 with most of its demand from non-OECD economies. . Although the price of a barrel has gone down in recent times and settled, the question is what happens in the event of another decline in supply or demand continues to persist, with failing and short term policies by the institutes involved, policies that fail to come together, correlate and aline with each other, ignoring the fact that the issue at hand if neglected again or not carefully managed can cause devastating effect to the world economies. Today oil has proved to be a powerful economic tool it has also proved to be a capable political weapon. In other words, oil contributes directly and indirectly to the production of all goods and services. For example, in 2003 oil as a source of energy accounted for about 37% of total energy sources. There is compelling body of evidence that oil production is determined by the interplay of institutional and economic forces. The issue is the policies that the key players implement from the U.S. to the EU and OPEC itself. Statement of the Issue/Problem: What policies energy institutes and oil producing countries including government bodies have to stabilize and control the market? There is pressure on the industry and oil market, with concerns about CO2 emissions and global warming since the time of Kyoto and increasing environmental awareness but no adequate policies to resolve the issue or at least one that works in the competitive and challenging industry. Background (of the problem): Oil, coal and gas currently provide more than two-thirds of the worlds energy and electricity, but also produce the greenhouse gases largely responsible for global warming. A number of models suggest that implementation of the Protocol will affect energy markets and oil revenues. At the same time, world energy demand is expected to rise sharply in the coming years, presenting all societies worldwide with a real challenge see appendix (1). Several factors as mentioned earlier has caused the previous drastic rise in price and decline supply. Presently as the prices continues to remain low the demand from Asia for oil is increasing by more than two million barrels per dayà [2]à if demands from Asia grow significantly at such a rapid rate when prices are at a stable range then there are no doubts that prices would not and cannot stay low for too long ( Merlin Flower 2010) . Another issue is that of pegging, many oil producing countries like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait peg their currency to stronger currencies like the U.S. dollar. When we experienced the decline of the dollar during the recession their economies are relatively affected there after they let their currency float. A classic example is in 2006 when other countries with Kuwait leading the way unpegged their currency from the dollar following suit was the expected rise in energy prices. Speculations and uncertainty affect businesses and stock value not to say the least oil field services companies (Giuseppe Marconi 2008). Many oil-exporting economies argue that they peg to the dollar because oil is priced in dollars. Pegging their currency to the dollar eliminates the apparent mismatch between the governments dollar-denominated oil revenues and its local currency spending. The IMF after undertaken research indicates that a significant increase in price of oil on average leads to real appreciation of the currencies of oil exporting economies therefore might have been another reasons for their actions. This logic, however, fails to accurately diagnose the real fiscal problem of oil-exporting economies. Appendix (2) shows a list of major exporting economies and those that peg or float their currency. There is a growing view that, if nothing is done to cut the growing demand on world consumption of oil , there is likely to be an oil supply crunch within the next 10 years, Because oil consumption is responsible for some 25% of greenhouse gas emissions, efforts to reduce emissions would seem likely to affect the market for oil According to the economist in 2004 global consumption of oil increased by 3.4% , with nearly a third from growing nations like china where its demand is predicted to be about 16%. Supporting that is a chart from the European Commission in Appendix (3). Upon that there is insufficient investment by the international and oil companies many multinational oil companies are or have spent time buying their own shares rather than developing the society they present.à [3]à Although with the exception of a few whom participate in the development of their local economies but how adequate is this? If this is to happen, there is no doubt it might trigger another econo mic crisis and causing a global impact. Oil export revenues account for between 9% and 40% of GDP in OPEC economies, so reduced oil revenues means reduced economic growth. For most of its members which are developing nations a decline in economic growth has implications for their relative economies most especially unemployment for those with high population growth rate. So far all parties involved with significant influence in the market have policies of their own different interest. Policies tried have been short term policies and have proved no effect so far. A typical example of short term policy was in 2001 the U.S under introductions from the president, the U.S. announced it would release 30m of barrels from the Strategic petroleum Reserve (SPR) rather than selling the oil. Between August and November the department of Energy (DOE) requested offers for oil to be replaced back. These efforts proved to have back fired increasing the cost of crude oil having been handled in a clumsy and old fashion way. The U.S policy whether short-term or long term can have the long term negative effect of increasing the cost of crude oil. This showed the importance of set policies and reform in the energy market especially oil which the world depends on. If there isnt no change in policies the by 2015, then there is likely to be a future crash in the energy oil market affecting individuals across the globe either in little ways from transportation or domestic energy consumption. Critique of Pre-existing Policies: When it comes to policies either set by OPEC or the U.S. Energy policymaking in the past 35 years has been neither decisive nor strategic. The world can no longer afford to forward oil policies which we fail to implement. (Thomas D. May 2006). Previously OPEC adopted the quota system to limit its oil supplies to keep oil prices at certain levels. According to this system each OPEC country is allocated a specific level of oil production to limit total OPEC oil supply and thereby influence oil prices in the international market. In the late 19s around 1986, this system did not help OPEC to avoid the oil price collapse because most OPEC countries did not respect their quotas, Angola, Venezuela, Iran and Nigeria named the biggest cheaters. Bearing in mind These OPEC short term policies affect international affairs. It is thought that implementing the Kyoto Protocol will require a carbon tax (or equivalent) in Annex B countries, and this will raise the price of oil to consumers and therefore reduce demand there. Because these Annex B countries account for more than 60% of world oil consumption any significant reduction in demand there may well cause a decline in the producers price of oil on the global market. Further, if the principal mechanism by which Annex B countries reduce emissions is through a carbon tax, then this tax wedge may increase the rent that governments in energy importing countries have in the oil market, transferring wealth from oil producers to consumers (Mabey et al., 1997, p. 274). To put this in perspective, the G7 countries (US, Canada, Japan, Germany, Italy, Britain and France) already earn some 70% more income from oil taxes than OPEC members earn from petroleum exports (OPEC, 2001). So, through reduced demand, reduced price and reduced market rent it is thought that implementation of the Kyoto Protocol will reduce oil export revenues. Other concerns expressed by OPEC countries include the potential increase in renewable subsides, which they perceive to be given at the expense of other energy forms (e.g. oil) and discriminatory in nature (WTO, 2002. Problem is that everyone seems to have or develop their own policies from the Arab council to the European Union, all different policies different directions and interests. In the last few years OPEC agreed on a range of oil prices (ie between $22-28/B) and used its quota system to keep its oil prices within these limits. However, OPEC did not give any scientific rationale for this range or explain whether or not it was based on any scientific study. Nor did it say such a study took certain factors into consideration. In other words this price range seems to be arbitrary. On October 2007 in London the EU proposed new energy policies to come into place in other to tackle the challenging industry . The EU has clearly recognised that the internal energy market is the policy line that ensures fair prices to citizens and industries. At the same time, it guarantees that even smaller companies, for instance those that invest in renewable energy, have access to the energy market. Absent from this section of the initiative are measures to directly address the current peaking of internal Natural Gas production. Although put forward as so, market liberalization wont secure the increasing Natural Gas imports needed in the following years to meet internal demand. Lines of action to substitute Natural Gas or to secure other foreign sources simply do not exist. The main energy problem in Europe is not mentioned even less dealt with. These policies have a unique flexibility in that they can be used as a cure or as a weapon, but commonly their primary purpose is to promote or protect economic interests. Policy options and recommendations: As regards to reform of the oil or energy sector, in order to meet the requirements concerning the opening up of the market, an appropriate legislative and regulatory framework is necessary, in particular as regards regulation, and implementation of energy policy. Apart from the formulation and implementation of an energy policy, work should be concentrated on two aspects: opening up production, distribution, pricing and restructure of economic development plans by adopting efficient policies and procedures. There are several policy measures and recommendation that might minimise any possible losses to OPEC countries. One, assistance from developing countries to exporting economies to diversify sources of income, as models results show that economies with a diverse pattern of production and exports will be least affected by the Kyoto Protocol (Polidano et al., 2000). Two, OPECs share of oil market and cartel power would increase if there are measures to discourage the production of fossil fuels within developed countries Third, measures to abandon nuclear power generation would also favour oil exporters as more primary energy needs would presumably be met by oil. Fourth creating a situation where by countries wouldnt be able to peg theirs with another and jumping off once the market changes rather look to creating fiscal policy and finally the issue to sell essential and vulnerable commodity in a more stable currency like the euro, as the U.S. is unpredictable the least to say. However, this does not mean that all policies are going to be successful; they need to be well managed within a sustainable balance of power from global institutes. Appendices Appendix (1) Table 1. World Marketed Energy Consumption by Country Grouping, 2006-2030 (Quadrillion Btu) Region 2006 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Average Annual Percent Change, 2006-2030 OECD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.7 242.8 252.4 261.3 269.5 278.2 0.6 North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.3 121.1 125.9 130.3 135.6 141.7 0.6 Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 82.2 84.8 87.9 90.0 91.8 0.5 Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 39.5 41.8 43.1 43.9 44.6 0.6 Non-OECD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.8 265.4 299.1 334.4 367.8 400.1 2.3 Europe and Eurasia . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 54.0 57.6 60.3 62.0 63.3 0.9 Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 139.2 163.2 190.3 215.4 239.6 3.0 Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 27.7 30.3 32.2 34.6 37.7 1.9 Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 16.2 17.7 19.1 20.6 21.8 1.7 Central and South America . . . . 24.2 28.3 30.3 32.5 35.2 37.7 1.9 Total World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.4 508.3 551.5 595.7 637.3 678.3 1.5 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sources: 2006: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 2006 (June-December 2008). Summary data on major oil-exporting economies Appendix (2) Country Oil and gas export revenues, 2006 (billions of dollars) Average oil exports, 2006 (millions of barrels a day) Population (millions) Exchange rate regime Change in REER, end 2001 to end 2006 (percent) Saudi Arabia 195.6 8.8 21.4 Fixed (to dollar) -22.2 Russia 190.8 7.4 142.9 Managed float (euro-dollar basket) 39.6 Norway 75.7 2.3 4.6 Floating 6.2 United Arab Emirates 70.2 2.2 2.6 Fixed (to dollar) -18.9 Venezuela 60.3 2.4 25.7 Fixed -25.6 Iran 60.1 2.4 68.7 Managed float 22.3 Kuwait 55.9 2.3 2.4 Fixed (to basket) n.a. Algeria 53.3 1.7 32.9 Managed float (to dollar) -22.0 Nigeria 48.5 1.9 131.9 Managed float (plans to float 2009) 12.8 Libya 38.3 1.3 5.7 Fixed (to special drawing rights) n.a. Kazakhstan 24.6 1.5 15.2 Managed float n.a. Qatar 21.9 1.0 0.9 Fixed (to dollar) n.a. Oman 16.4 0.7 3.1 Fixed (to dollar) -18.4 Bahrain 9.4 0.0 0.7 Fixed (to dollar) -25.4 n.a. = not available Note: Oman and UAE real effective exchange rate (REER) estimates are based on International Monetary Fund annual data, which end with 2005. For Nigeria, it reflects revenues of net oil and gas exports. Irans exports reflect its fiscal year 2005-06. Sources: IMF, International Financial Statistics ; IMF Country Reports; BP Global (for energy data); national central banks; CIA, World Factbook (for population). Appendix (3) Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-16849166855410956712020-01-19T14:08:00.001-08:002020-01-19T14:08:02.573-08:00Slaying the Dragon Essay -- essays research papers Slaying the Dragon: How Asian Women were Portrayed in Movies ââ¬Å"Slaying the Dragonâ⬠by Deborah Gee is a comprehensive look at media stereotypes of Asian and Asian American women since the silent era. From the racist use of white actors to portray Asians in early Hollywood films, through the success of Anna May Wongââ¬â¢s sinister dragon lady, to Suzie Wong and the ââ¬Ë50s geisha girls, to the Asian-American anchorwoman of today. The movie also shows how stereotypes of exoticism and docility have affected the perception of Asian-American women. In many movies Asian women are sexually stereotyped as ââ¬Å"exotic, subservient, compliant, industrious, and eager to please.â⬠If not that, Japanese women are shown to be ââ¬Å"inherently scheming, untrustworthy, and back-stabbing.â⬠Whichever representation is used ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-30288191067043615882020-01-11T10:32:00.001-08:002020-01-11T10:32:05.355-08:00What Was More Important In Choosing A Successor ReligionAlthough, source B and D have evidence that religion as still a slight factor that was taken into consideration. Source B is a historians summary of the events surrounding Lady Jane Grey brief reign. It begins to state how towards the end of Edwards reign he and Northumberland were very aware that his successor would be his catholic sister, Mary. They planned to alter the succession in order to ââ¬Ësecure Protestantism. ââ¬Ë This part of the source clearly shows how determined Edward and Northumberland were at keeping the protestant rule over England.This is because they had spent Edwards rule converting the country to Protestantism and building up power under this religion and if this were then to be changed to Catholicism then the main concern would be the loss of power for some, including Northumberland. In a way, the reason religion was being considered over legitimacy is because Northumberland had convinced Edward to do so. There is no hiding the fact that Edward would do most things that Northumberland would tell him to so what would stop him from altering the succession act if that is what Northumberland wanted.If Protestantism were to continue as the ruling religion then Northumberland loud be able to keep his position of power and if this religion were to be continued with the rule of Lady Jane Grey then Northumberland powers would have increased due to the fact that his son was married to Jane Grey. Whereas in the second half of the source it says how Mary was decided as successor and done by the power of her legitimacy. She was crowned successor because she made it so there was ââ¬Ëa much wider appeal to legitimacy and a careful avoidance of religious issues. People appealed because she avoided religion, showing that is was not an influential aspect cause people didn't have a great concern towards her being a catholic, and because she based her appeal on the fact that she was legitimate because her father was Henry VIII, the people cared mor e for the relationship of royal blood. The fact that this source is written by a historian is beneficial to the comparison Of which was more important, religion or legitimacy, because he's able to give a over view of the events without the influence of any bias compared to if the source were to be written by someone of the time.Overall this source shows how although religion may on been put into consideration ND may of been really important to others, it doesn't stop that legitimacy became the final decider of who would be successor; going against that ââ¬Ëin 1 542 and 1 558 religion was more important consideration then legitimacy in settling the succession to the crown. ââ¬Ë Source D is also showing how both religion and legitimacy were used to decide a successor. Source D is written by a servant of the king of Spain from the courts deciding on the arrangements for Mays successor.Although it's written by a slave I doubt there would be much bias because he is a servant of the King of Spain who as no interest in the succession and the fact that he will not gain anything from this due to the arrangements in his and Mar's marriage contract. The source begins by saying how the Privy Council had to persuade Mary to agree to Elizabeth as her successor because Mary did not want this to be the case seeing as Mary had converted England to Catholicism after Edwards rule as a protestant and now another protestant would be placed in rule causing her efforts to become meaningless.However, she did agree but with the terms that Elizabeth will: ââ¬Ëmaintain the Old religion as the Queen had restored it; and he other that she will pay the Queen's debts. ââ¬Ë Therefore, Elizabeth is chosen as successor completely due to the fact that she has the highest standing of legitimacy but Mary does not want her efforts as Queen to be over looked and disregarded which is why she wishes for Catholicism to be maintained. This agreement is carried out even though Mary knows tha t Elizabeth is most likely to break those promises which show that all Mary truly cares about is legitimacy.As long as the Tudor blood line continues in power, religion does not alter the choice of successor. Again, religion may be considered and important to some yet the decision of successor will always depend on their legitimacy because that's what everyone knows truly counts. Both of sources B and D show how religion may of been important to certain individuals but legitimacy would always over rule. The power of legitimacy is shown within sources A and C; Source A is from the third succession act written by Henry VIII with the permission of the Privy Council.It states how after Henry and Edwards death, then the thrown should pass to Mary and her heirs, then onto Elizabeth and her heirs if Mary were to die without any children. Religion is not mention once within this source because Henrys main concern was to provide the thrown with Tudor successors for years to come. We can tell that religion plays no part with Henry because he willing left the Catholic Church and created the Church of England just so he would be able to have control and grant himself a divorce from his first wife and another to come.His many wives also show his determination to provide heirs to the throne because he had 6 wives in order to create a son who would rule England after his death. Henry was so committed to making sure that the throne would continue with the Tudor name. Also due to this act being passed with the permission of the Privy Council shows that they too do not care about the religion someone has, as long as they fit the part of being ruler of England. No mention of religion and no concern towards what the future successors religious preference may be, the only thing that matters is who will be in control of England in the future.Now for the third time its going against the original statement. Source C is also going against religion being more important than astigmatic. It is a response to Marry letters claiming her right to the throne. The Privy Council are telling Mary that it is Jane Grey who is the rightful successor to the throne due to letters Edward wrote before his death and that due to the divorce of her mother and Henry VIII it causes Mary to be illegitimate.Legitimacy is used within this source to strengthen the position of Lady Jane Grey and weaken the position of Mary. They use it to say that Jane Grey is clearly the right successor because she has a relation to Henry VIII, yet even though Mary is his daughter they choose to disregard her because of a succession act that called her illegitimate even though later on that succession act was over thrown by the third succession act.Even though religion isn't mentioned we know that this response has been written because Edward was desperate to have a protestant as his SUccessor which is why so much weight is put on Edwards ââ¬ËGreat seal of England. ââ¬Ë The PRI,y Council know they h ave a very slim chance at making Jane Grey successor over Mary' but they were willing to try. Yet in the sense of this source it heavily relies on legitimacy, even though Jane Grey isn't the true person to be next in line. The Privy Council have an agenda and purpose that they are trying very hard to fulfill.However, we know that they actually failed to place Lady Jane Grey as the rightful ruler of England because Mary was able to gain the support of the people who believed and knew she was the rightful successor due to her father being Henry VIII and Lady Jane Grey only being a cousin. This source shows how true legitimacy is much more powerful than the word of an existing King. Over all, there is without a doubt that between 1542 and 1 558 elision was not more of an important consideration over legitimacy when it came to choosing a successor. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-58469151289570908122020-01-03T06:56:00.001-08:002020-01-03T06:56:03.880-08:00Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 1926 Words Macbeth is the epitome of an all time classic play written by genius and legendary playwright, William Shakespeare. Macbeth also holds the distinction that among his surviving tragedies, also called Shakespearean tragedies, it happens to be the shortest play. Macbeth is written on the exploits of King Macbeth of Scotland and tackles core themes such as the lust for power and betrayal by trusted people. Macbeth is designated as a tragedy based on many factors top of which, is that it is depicts real suffering, both physical and emotional. The play makes a connection between the dimensions of the Greeks based on their outlook on matters to do with destiny as well as the dimensions based on personal and individual aspersions based on the Renaissance dimensions. This paper aims to expound more on the reasons aspects of tragedy in the play and their effect and impact on the overall outcome of the story. Due analysis will also be given on three core templates of the play, namely prophecy, natural/unnatural and the guilt and remorse. Prophecy Macbeth has an intriguing plot that is interestingly thrown into action through the power of prophecy beholden to some three witches. Upon being told that he will be king of Scotland, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, his ruthless ambition is thrown into action and the couple starts scheming of ways to kill Duncan and thereafter Banquo. This then leads to a great ponder, were it not for the prophecy, would the turn of events have been any differentShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words à |à 3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. 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This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words à |à 5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbethââ¬â¢s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the ââ¬Å"imaginary bloodâ⬠or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words à |à 6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his ââ¬Å"inner ambitions and external urgingsâ⬠which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The ââ¬Å"external urgingsâ⬠consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare2060 Words à |à 9 Pagesthe green one red Macbeth Quote (Act II, Sc. II). Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth Quote (Act V, Scene V). These quotes have been taken from play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. Like these quotes there are hundreds and thousands of such heart touching quotes written by Shakespeare in his many different Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-25074726243221723832019-12-26T03:23:00.001-08:002019-12-26T03:23:01.916-08:00The Mission Of The Fbi - 997 Words The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. It performs these responsibilities in a way that is responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States. History of the Federal Bureau of Investigation Charles M. Smith Drury University Abstract The Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) in Washington D.C Investigation (BOI). Its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1935. The FBI is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States. In this paper I will show the history of the FBI, the relevance of the bureau, the mission that the department has and just an overview of the inner workings of the department. The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. It performs these responsibilities in a way that is responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States. History of the Federal BureauShow MoreRelatedThe History of the FBI Essay1521 Words à |à 7 PagesFederal Bureau of Investigation. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, also known as the FBI, is a corporation that seeks fidelity, bravery and, integrity for the United States of America. The FBI researches shocking and concerning crimes the news reports about politics, war and, safety that we hear on the television about issues that are being reported to the people. These cases of transgression are missions the FBI analyzes, such as hacking information from double spies, locating terrorists, seekingRead MoreA Strategic Plan For The Fbi1244 Words à |à 5 PagesIn order to outline the beginnings of a strategic plan for the FBI, the planner must begin with the identification of mission scope. The FBI utilizes a Strategy Management System to ââ¬Å"improve intelligence capabilities, critical incident response effectiveness, talent and technology readiness, and other performance obje ctivesâ⬠(FBI, 2010, para. 1). In the case of the Bureau, there are multiple mission scopes: Protect the United States from terrorist attack and foreign intelligence activity. CombatRead MoreWhat Classifies A Federal Agent?. Counterintelligence (Ci)1032 Words à |à 5 PagesJason Bourne. We imagine someone who jumps from rooftop to rooftop or out of helicopters to catch the bad guy. It may not be what we see in theaters, but we can paint a picture of who may be an individual within the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), or any other federal agency. These entities are tasked to protect the country with utmost importance to national security. What characterizes someone to be a federal agent and why the US Army needs to set aRead MoreThe FBI : The Background History Of The FBI777 Words à |à 4 PagesDid you know it is completely legal for the FBI to misconceive a jury while under oath, in court, to ensure that the nationââ¬â¢s security is protected? Also, you can simply request a copy of your personal file from the FBI and receive it in an email. The Federal Bureau of Investigations is known for their very conspiratorial litigations and highly advanced technology, but there is a lot of information that is widely available to the public eye, in which the people have no knowledge of. I am going toRead MoreSecurity and Domestic Terrorism Essay1081 Words à |à 5 PagesEDM 501 ââ¬â Domestic Terrorism -Module 3 ââ¬â Case: Security and Domestic Anti-Terrorism (Part 1) May 2012 What are the limits of power of the FBI in pursuing surveillance of potential terrorists within and without the U.S.? In your view, is the FBI adequately organized, staffed, and trained to perform the myriad of missions tasked? Based on the readings and your research, what is the status of the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2011 and resultant action on the key divisiveRead MoreThe Role Of The FBI1236 Words à |à 5 PagesThe FBI is one of the most well known names in Law Enforcement not only in the U.S. but also around the world. As the U.S.ââ¬â¢s forefront federal Law Enforcement Agency, the FBI today is expansive and diverse in it jurisdiction, its responsibilities, and its personnel. As the principle investigation agency under the U.S. Department of Justice, the Bureauââ¬â¢s investigative jurisdiction is the most expansive of the 32 federal law enforcement agencies in the country. The Bureau is both an investigative,Read MoreThe Rights Of The United States847 Words à |à 4 Pagesconstitution is intended to protect. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) has a tremendous responsibility to keep people safe from harm. The responsibility to investigate a wide range of crimes is summed up by the mission statement of, ââ¬Å"to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats and to enforce the criminal laws of the United Statesâ⬠(FBI, n.d.). This wide sweeping mission statement has led to questionable investigative techniques and possible violationsRead More FBIs Unique Role in the United States Law Enforcement Community1135 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has a unique role in the United States law enforcement community. The FBI is not a national police force, unlike other nations (such as France, Italy, Spain and Columbia) where patrol units and first responders are organized under the national government. The FBI is purely an investigative and intelligence agency and focuses on cross jurisdictional crimes and nat ional security issues. Its stated mission is ââ¬Å"To protect and defend the United States againstRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )848 Words à |à 4 Pagessecurity agencies, their job is to ensure freedom of movement for trade and people while mitigating any potential threat to the United States. This is achieved in a multitude of ways from check points to undercover air marshals. The very nature of their mission requires a great deal of interagency cooperation, the TSA must works with state, federal and local agencies across the country in order to secure all its areas of operation. An example of this interagency cooperation is the inspection process a personRead MoreGovernmental Agencies and Terrorism640 Words à |à 3 Pagesthe definition of terrorism, it uses that mission as a driving facture. The CIA describes terrorism as ââ¬Å"premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandest ine agentsâ⬠(n.d., para. 6). This is a simple characterization because this is exactly what they are looking for. That part of the description illustrates the specific types of acts the organizations looking to prevent. Because of its mission it also adds the definition of international Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-22542340722033713172019-12-17T23:11:00.001-08:002019-12-17T23:11:04.536-08:00The War Of North Carolina - 1089 Words While trying to retrieve some nephews from a British prison ship, Andrew s mother also fell ill and died. An orphan and a hardened veteran at the age of fifteen, Jackson drifted, taught school a little, and then read law in North Carolina. After admission to the bar in 1787, he accepted an offer to serve as public prosecutor in the new Meroe District of North Carolina, west of the mountains, with its seat at Nashville on the Cumberland River. Arriving in 1788, Jackson thrived in the new frontier town. He built a legal practice, entered into trading ventures, and began to acquire land and slaves. Jackson s rise in Tennessee politics was meteoric, attesting to his strength of character. In quick succession, he was a delegate to the stateâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Biography.com editors 2016.) Andrew Jackson Election The United States presidential election of 1828 was the 11th quadrennial presidential election, held from Friday, October 31, to Tuesday, December 2, 1828. It featured a re-match between incumbent presidents John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, the winner of Electoral College in the election of 1824. . With no other major candidates, Jackson and his chief ally Martin Van Buren consolidated their bases in the South and New York and easily defeated Adams. The Democratic Party merged its strength from the existing supporters of Jackson and their coalition with some of the supporters of William H. Crawford (the Old Republicans) and Vice-President John C. Calhoun. Jackson was the first president whose home state was neither Massachusetts nor Virginia. The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, had been signed into law earlier in the year, increasing tariff rates to above 60%. Though it had narrowly passed in the House, it was unpopular with the Southern states as they imported materials and goods from abroad. Jackson and the Democrats opposed the tariff, and the unpopularity of the bill led to a division of the vote into two main sections: the Northern, minority Adams vote, and the Southern, majority Jackson vote. Jackson also personally appealed to the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-69107749406039795232019-12-09T19:53:00.001-08:002019-12-09T19:53:03.071-08:00Aboriginal Spirituality Essay Example For Students Aboriginal Spirituality Essay The aboriginals have lived in Australia for thousands of years. They had little outside contact until the British arrived two hundred years ago. The aboriginals have one of the oldest unchanged religions in the world. They believe in the Dreaming and respect the environment around them. This assignment will break the aboriginal religion into Smartys seven dimensions. Method logy The three SORE classes in grade II traveled to Challenge on the 3rd of May, 2006. On the way to Challenge we stopped at Tijuana which is an Aboriginal Cultural Park. At Tijuana we learned about aboriginal way Of life and history. After Tijuana we went to SST Stephens College, where we talked to some local elders. At Challenge we went to caves and saw aboriginal art work and artifacts. History Challenge was near the boundary oftener aboriginal tribes; the Washman, Waxwork and Duggan people. James Venture Mulligan was the first European person in the Challenge region; he found the Challenge- Palmer River gold field in 1887. William Thereon built a homestead in the area and called the area Challenge. A wealthy man named John Nonfat was interest in mining and found dative copper in 1887. By 1894 there were two smelters in Calcified and Managua, The Challenge central smelters was built by The Challenge Smelting Company It opened in 1901, smattering copper, gold and silver lead, The smelters finally closed in 1343. Today Shillelaghs industries are tourism, marble, minerals and cattle, Ritual and Practical The Aborigines used rituals to connect themselves to the Dreaming and to contact their ancestors. An example of one of these rituals is the corroboree. The corroboree is a ceremonial meeting Of Aborigines. At the corroboree the artisans are connected to the Dreaming through dances and music. At many corroboree the aborigines act out events from the Dreaming. They pass these rituals down from generation to generation. The custodians of particular sacred sites perform ceremonies at different times Of the year. Non Aborigines arent allowed to watch or participate in a corroboree. At Tijuana, they showed us how the aborigines would perform a corroboree. They showed was how to use aboriginal music instruments e. G. Didgeridoo and how to perform the dances Experiential and Emotional Dimension Aborigines believe that they are connected to the land. When they die the Aborigines believe that they become part of the land. If the land is destroyed, they believe they have lost apart of themselves. It is said that the Aboriginal people can communicate with their ancestor spirits through the land. The aborigines at Challenge believed that the caves contained evil spirits. They say that if you entered the caves you would not return. Mythological or Narrative Dimension The beginning of the world is described through dreaming stories. Each tribe around Australia has a different version on how the world was created. Most of the stories the aborigines told were about the world and why it is the way it is. At Tijuana they showed the Duggan peoples story of how the world was created. There were two elements that came out of a cassowary egg, The two elements were the Wet and the Dry. From the two elements all life forms were created. Also two brothers came, one was from the wet and one was from the dry. The Wet brother made things hard for the aborigines so they would be strengthened by the environment, While the Dry brother made things easier for the aborigines. The Wet brother then killed the DO/ brother. Then one day at a river the Wet brother was killed by a crocodile, one Of his creations. Doctrinal and Philosophical Dimension The aborigines got their laws from the Dreaming. The elders teach the younger aborigines about the laws the Dreaming and to live in harmony with the land, follow the laws and have respect for everything. The elders addressed issues within their tribes so they didnt fight amongst themselves. Totems were a fundamental part of Aboriginal life. The totem is normally an animal but it could be a sacred landmark or plant. An aboriginal is given their totem when they are born. .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .postImageUrl , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:hover , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:visited , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:active { border:0!important; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:active , .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3 .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u441dbfe18ba92e91ffb80783aeb7aaf3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Taming Of The Shrew (1094 words) EssayFor the rest toothier elite they are not allowed to hurt, kill or eat their totem. Ethical and Legal Dimension The Dreaming shaped the rules for their ceremonies and everyday life. If an Aborigine went against these rules they were punished. The elders decided what the punishment should be. Some punishments were banishment, death and physical damage If an aboriginals punishment was a spear through his leg and he survived he was allowed back into the tribe again. At Marimba, one of the talkers explained about how the elders role is to teach he next generation about the beliefs and to make sure they follow them. The elders are also considered guardians and have certain responsibilities. There job is to look after and protect certain sacred areas and make sure it is not disturbed by outsiders. Social and Institutional Dimension The kinship Of the aborigines was a network Of relationships that governed and interacted been members of a tribe. The elders were the authority and the tribe looked to them for advice. The men were the hunters which caught the large game while the women were the gatherers which gathered the fruit ND other small foods, they also cooked the meal An Aboriginal was given a totem when they were born. The totem was normally an animal, They had responsibilities and laws which they had to uphold. An example of this not to harm, kill or eat their totem. If they broke the laws and responsibilities they were punished. Marriage was an important aboriginal ceremony. An aboriginal wasnt allowed to marry a person that was of the same totem and true love was against the law. Material Dimension The aborigines didnt have any buildings but they had sacred sites and artwork. They used sculptures, bark and rock paintings to express what they believed in. To paint the aborigines had to trade with other tribes to get different color ochre if they couldnt get them in their own area. The art Of the aborigines was an important way for them to communicate and tell stories between each other. Only recently White people have called aboriginal artifacts and images art. They made didgeridoos to express their beliefs through music. They used the didgeridoo in ceremonies and used it to imitate animals so they could celebrate the environment around them. Only men were allowed to play the didgeridoo. The aborigines had different sacred sites for each tribe. An example of a sacred site to the Challenge aborigines was the Bogey Hole. The reason the Bogey Hole was sacred to the Challenge aborigines is because it provided them with water all year round. Conclusion The trip to Challenge has given me a better understanding into aboriginal society and how they used to live, It was good to learn about there religion because it is one of the oldest religions in the world. I think that we should all treat the environment like the aboriginals and we all could learn a thing or two from them. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-59482527669024557792019-12-02T07:35:00.001-08:002019-12-02T07:35:04.271-08:00The Presentation of Women in Othello Essay ExampleThe Presentation of Women in Othello Paper Shakespeares portrayal of Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca in Othello comes, generally, in two forms which reflect the prevailing opinion of women in Elizabethan times as mysterious and angelic or, whores, determined to cuckold their husbands. When Othello was written a patriarchal society was the norm. Women had clearly defined roles, as housewives and mothers; they were viewed as inferior, not only physically, but also emotionally. It was thought that they needed a male to protect them, if they were married this responsibility would fall to the husband and if the woman were single, it would be the duty of her father or another male relative. References to any of the three women, Desdemona, Emilia or Bianca, by the other characters, seems always either to praise them for their virtue and beauty, or else condemn them as whores that manipulate men to achieve their own ends. All three are rejected by their respective partners/husbands; they love them almost unconditionally, even when confronted with indifferent and callous behaviour. They are engaged in unbalanced partnerships: they feel more for their self-centred men than the men are capable of reciprocating. Bianca serves to represent the latter of the two opinions; she is a courtesan in Cyprus (Tis such another fitchew IV. i. 145). She is a contrast to Emilia and Desdemona as she is not a part of the domestic world in which they belong; this immediately casts her from the kind of femininity that Desdemona is said to possess. She has fallen in love with Cassio and pursues him quite wholeheartedly, however her affections are not returned (But that you do not love me. III. iv. 197), and she is eaten by jealously (O Cassio, whence came this? This is some token from a newer friend! III. iv. 180-1), Cassio and Iago dismiss this as her unruly nature and respond to her in a patronising manner (Go to, woman, / Throw your vile guesses in the devils teeth / From whence you have them! III. iv. 183-5). We will write a custom essay sample on The Presentation of Women in Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Presentation of Women in Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Presentation of Women in Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She is thought by the men to be a sexual being with a tempestuous nature, in need of control and unworthy of regard (What do you mean by his haunting of me? IV. i. 146). Bianca is held with disdain by men for her explicit sexuality, whereas Cassio, who is committing adultery (A fellow almost dammed in a fair wife I. . 20), receives none. This is a good example of the double standards that existed for women at this time, some of which can still be seen in the modern day, it being more socially acceptable for a man to be promiscuous than a female. Emilia is the representation of the dutiful wife, she is part of the domestic world in which Othello takes place, her marriage is neither happy nor successful, and yet she continues to try to please Iago (for example, by giving him the handkerchief). Iagos treatment of Emilia is very poor; he belittles her continuously throughout the play (Sir, would she give you so much of her lips / As of her tongue she oft bestows on me / Youd have enough II. i. 100-3), with little or no protest on her part. He also suspects her of having an affair with Othello (I hate the Moor / And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets / Hes done my office. I. iii. 385-7), there is no proof in the text that for this, he does not ask her openly in the play about it and it seems to be a rumour that Iago is merely using for the justification of his actions. Emilia is all too aware that Iagos behaviour towards her is undeserved, she explains to Desdemona in Act 5 how women often suffer this treatment, and what happens as consequence (Then let them use us well: else let them know, / The ills we do, their ills instruct us so. V. 1. 101-2), this suggests to the audience that although women were legally and religiously bound to a subservient position, not all women behaved in a subservient way. In the final scene Emilia is quite prepared to reveal Iagos deceit, however, interestingly, she is fully aware that she is not, by social convention, supposed to, she actually apologises to those present when she disobeys him (Good gentlemen, let me have leave to speak. / Tis proper I obey him but not now. V. ii. 192-3). This disobedience does not pass without penalty, Iago stabs and kills Emilia, proving to the audience just how unbalanced their relationship was. Desdemona is spoken of by the other members of Othello as saintly, kind and virtuous, Cassio goes so far as to describe her as She is indeed perfection (II. ii. 25), and indeed, in Elizabethan times, if a women was not viewed as a whore, she was likely thought to be angelic (Queen Elizabeth I, for example). Shakespeare however was able to characterise women as real people, and take them from their pedestal. The character of Desdemona is often criticised as being weak and mono-dimensional, however in addition to being chaste, loving and virtuous, she is also articulate, stubborn, passionate, practical, and sexually aware. Many of these traits are shown in one of the few moments in the play we meet Desdemona without Othello, in Act II, scene I. She fully understands Iagos innuendos and is able to challenge him (Come on, assay. II. i. 120) in a witty and articulate manner. Desdemonas independence is portrayed explicitly by the fact that she married Othello without her fathers permission (Your daughter, if you have not given her leave, / I say again, hath made a gross revolt, I. i. 131). Women were viewed as a commodity, and marriage as more of a business transaction than union of lovers (Faith, he tonight hath boarded a land carrack: / If it prove lawful prize, hes made for ever. I. ii. 50-1). The opinion of women as the property of men is again illustrated when Iago calls to Brabantio that he has been robbed Look to your house, your daughter and your bags! (I. i. 79), that a person could be grouped alongside a house and money seems shocking in a modern western society, but was obviously the social norm in Shakespeares time as Brabantio takes no offence from that statement. Desdemona is aware of her duty to her father (To you I am bound for life and education: / you are the lord of duty I. iii. 183-5) and that now she is married, her obedience falls to her husband (I may profess / Due to the Moor my lord. I. iii. 188-9), the independence which Desdemona has shown is not seen as acceptable by her father who wishes to have control over her (and in his mind, so he should she is his property) Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters / minds / By what you see them act. I. i. 167-9) and later in the play, the extent of which she is submissive to Othello is stark contrast to these earlier actions, showing the multiple facets of Desdemonas personality, bound by traditional values yet independent minded and willing to support such non-conformist ideas (for the time) as racial equality. Iago is a misogynistic character, he is incapable of viewing women as anything other than worthless nymphomaniacs and when referring to them in Othello it is always with a debauched tone You rise to play, and go to bed to work (II. i. 115). He cannot believe that Desdemona could possibly love Othello and when talking of the couple does it in the most debasing manner (Even now, now, very now, an old black ram / Is tupping your white ewe! I. i. 7-8), always with sexual inferences and often with reference to animals, believing their love to be no more than lust whereof I take this, that you call / love, to be a sect or scion. (I. iii. 331-2). A good example of Iagos firm opinion of Desdemona can be seen in a conversation with Cassio who believes Desdemona to be saintly, Shes a most exquisite lady, And Ill warrant her full of game (II. iii. 17-18). Although Iago may have an extreme opinion of women, it was not too dissimilar from that of other men in the play. Men felt that there was something mysterious about women which they could not understand, they inhabited a different world, the domestic world of house and home, and a more physical world (eg. pregnancy, menstrual cycle) than men. It was felt that they were dangerous, temptresses who would lead them astray, needing to be controlled. The women of Othello do not always conform to the norms set by male opinion, but they are often constrained and held back because of them, and the mens fear that they will disobey sets the scene for much of the tension within the play, resulting in the many tragic deaths. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-39501464049713542342019-11-27T00:28:00.001-08:002019-11-27T00:28:03.176-08:00Hamlet as Mysogynist essaysHamlet as Mysogynist essays During the period of Hamlets life recorded in the play leading up to his death, he appears to have an abundance of relatively serious issues with the vital women in his life. Although Hamlet during this period has discrepancies with just about everyone associated in his life, men or women alike. There are only two female roles in the play Hamlet, this makes interpreting whether Hamlet is a Misogynist or not somewhat difficult. The primary female role is Hamlets mother who Hamlet usually is very close with but in recent times has developed anger towards over the lack of mourning portrayed by her over the death of her husband and Hamlets father. Ophelia is the other female role she is a young girl whose family is acquainted Hamlets royal family. In the past there was a sort of attraction between the two, but as that has now faded Hamlet has grown frustrated and angered with her and no longer holds remotely the same feeling towards her as he once did. Therefore through these dispo sitions Hamlet apparently has developed a disrespectful attitude towards these two women, which could be viewed by some as being characteristic of someone who is a misogynist. Whether this is true or not is up to the interpretation of the reader, it could be that Hamlets consistent betrayal by the women in his life has added to the growing hatred of women through Hamlets eyes, or that it just so happens the only two representations of women in this play happen to not be on good terms with Hamlet and he really has no distinctive hatred of women kind in general. Throughout the beginning of the book it is apparently obvious to some that Hamlets relationship with his mother is a little more than a proper mother-son relationship, needless to say they are and have been very close. After the recent actions of his mother marrying his uncle only two months after his fathers death and Ha ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-31087526905975096622019-11-23T08:02:00.001-08:002019-11-23T08:02:03.712-08:005 steps to a better job in 20185 steps to a better job in 2018 ââ¬Å"Get a better jobâ⬠is a very common New Yearââ¬â¢s resolution, but itââ¬â¢s also a tough one to get started- especially if winter laziness sets in. Itââ¬â¢s not like going to the gym, where you can physically get up and go somewhere and call it a success, even if itââ¬â¢s only one time a week. You need to put in a ton of work beforehand and change the way you approach the world around you. Here are 5 steps to get you started on the path to a new and better job.1. Come up with a plan.Before you start browsing job sites, think about what youââ¬â¢re seeking. Do you want to stay in the same industry? Are you looking for the same kind of job, but for more money? What does the next step up look like for you? Are you ready for a step up? Think about what it is you really want in your new job. If you just kind of jump in without having a set plan or timelines around your job search goals, it will be easy to abandon the whole thing if you donââ¬â¢t get results ri ght away.2. Ask for it.If youââ¬â¢re seeking a promotion, youââ¬â¢re far more likely to get it if you ask for it. Some companies give unasked-for promotions as a matter of course, but youââ¬â¢re much more likely to be successful if you say, ââ¬Å"Hey, Iââ¬â¢m here, Iââ¬â¢ve accomplished these things, and Iââ¬â¢m ready for more.â⬠This is where an elevator pitch comes in handy as you prepare to talk to your boss. You want to be able to clearly and efficiently lay out the reasons why you deserve a better title and more responsibilities.3. Be open to different kinds of opportunities.Online search engines and other traditional job hunt tools are great assets to have- but donââ¬â¢t forget the human assets at your disposal. A lot of hiring is done because someone knows someone else who would be a good fit for that new job opening. And that means there are job opportunities out there that never see the light of day (or the search engine). Make sure your network i s ever growing, and in good working order.4. Rebuild your application package.If youââ¬â¢re thinking about dusting off your old resume, maybe doing some find-and-replace on the dates, and sending it out, think again. If you want a better job you need a stepped-up resume game. That means creating a new resume masterpiece from scratch, with careful consideration about what you should be including, and how it reflects your career now.5. Build your skills. While youââ¬â¢re looking, this is a good chance to build up some of those resume-enhancing skills, like mastering particular kinds of software. This doesnââ¬â¢t mean you have to go back to school, but there are lots of online courses and resources that can help you build professional skills on your own schedule and at your own pace.Getting a better job is a great and attainable goal to have. Putting a plan and energy behind it is the best way to ensure that you wonââ¬â¢t be sitting in the same place this time next year, th inking, ââ¬Å"Man, I really need a new job.â⬠Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-52223186766640722172019-11-21T04:32:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:32:12.306-08:00International Relations (The Role and functions of the IMF and the EssayInternational Relations (The Role and functions of the IMF and the World Bank in the International Economic System) - Essay Example tical science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). It is both an academic and public policy field, and can be either positive or normative as it both seeks to analyze as well as formulate foreign policy.â⬠It also referred to IR as drawing upon such diverse fields as economics, history, law, philosophy, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and cultural studies and that it involves a diverse range of issues, from globalization and its impacts on societies and state sovereignty to ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, economic development, terrorism, organized crime, human security and human rights. (Paraphrasing made) As to how international relations originated, one cannot avoid talking about the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. It is with Westphalia that e the modern state system was developed since it encouraged the rise of the nation-state and the institutionalization of diplomacy and armies. (Wikipedia-IR, 2006) (Paraphrasing made) Having a background therefore of IR, we are confronted with the questions: What are the institutions involved? The United Nations assumes a major role in IR as it describes itself as a "global association of governments facilitating co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity". Wikipedia, (2006) stated that it is the most prominent international institution and many of the legal institutions follow the same organizational structure as the UN. (Paraphrasing made) UN has therefore affiliations with several legal institutions which include International Court of Justice, European Court of Justice and the African Court of Justice. It has also affiliations with human rights organisations which include, United Nations Human Rights Council, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-49696147591249131342019-11-19T20:47:00.001-08:002019-11-19T20:47:03.763-08:00Fine Arts research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsFine Arts research paper - Essay Example Also Vecellioââ¬â¢s Venus is more humane while Botticelliââ¬â¢s Venus has a divine aura about her Venus, the Goddess of Love has been an object of much study and admiration in the art circles of all times. Venus is basically a Roman goddess of love who is often linked with sensuality, beauty, fertility and desire. It is the aura and desire of Venus that has attracted the attention of many. Venus was often the central figure in religious festivals during the Roman era. Even as society progressed, Venus did not lose her charm since artists of almost all generations were inspired by her mystery and popularity. It was because of this that Venus was chosen as a subject for painting by most artists in almost all eras including Roman, Hellenistic and Renaissance periods. With the apparent sensuality of Venus, it became acceptable for Venus to be painted nude among the social elite of the Renaissance times. As a result, Venus was usually portrayed nude in her painting and even those painting that depicted nude females, most usually relate them with the Goddess of Love, Venus. Two painting of Venus by two artists belonging to different eras may have the same element of nudity for their Venus but the character, persona and background of Venus differs from one painting to another. In this paper, we attempt to compare the Venus painted by Sandro Botticelli in her ââ¬ËBrith of Venusââ¬â¢ with Tiziano Vecellioââ¬â¢s Venus of Urbino. These artists belong to different time settings and thus have explored Venus in a completely different context. In both the paintings, Venus is shown as a sexual being. However, the similarity ends here. Botticelliââ¬â¢s Venus is modest as compared to the wanton Venus of Vecellio. Also Vecellioââ¬â¢s Venus is more humane while Botticelliââ¬â¢s Venus has a divine aura about her. Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter who gained popularity during the Early Renaissance period for his linear grace and Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-83333968134330607822019-11-17T09:18:00.001-08:002019-11-17T09:18:06.020-08:00Gothic art and architecture Essay Example for Free Gothic art and architecture Essay The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, spanned by what we term the Gothic period, saw a revolution in the social and economic life of Europe. As princes created fixed capitals for themselves instead of the earlier uncomfortable peripatetic courts, so the earlier agricultural system gave way before a more modern money economy. The movements brought great changes in their train and were to have a profound effect upon the arts. For the first, the building of castles, palaces and town residences not only gave a new importance to the visual effect of surroundings but also to the ideas of comfort and luxury. The court of Burgundy led the way and life came to be dominated by intricate ceremonial inherited in part from antiquity, Byzantium and the orient, and elaborated into an obligatory etiquette destined to reach its most exaggerated expression in baroque Spain. At the end of the period this court culture flowered into what was an almost decadent magnificence. Gothic sculpture, like Gothic architecture, originated in France, and it, too, spread rapidly throughout Europe, varying in each country (Frankl 21). Gothic art had become common to all of Europe, and its national variants did not develop in isolation, although they always remained distinct within the framework of the style. There was a good deal of practical exchange, and German holy images were ordered from and sent to Italy, French ivory caskets and small altars were exported to England and Germany and English alabasters were exported throughout Europe (Frankl 25). In its transition from the Romanesque, Gothic architecture was characterized by an open stone framework supporting a stone vaulting (Frankl 3). As this development reached its peak, painting and sculpture were almost completely subjected to architecture, though all three arts were ultimately to gain. It was inevitable that large-scale mural painting should give way as the walls of Gothic churches were increasingly devoted to ever-larger windows. However, these new transparent walls of glass were quickly claimed by the painters and at the very moment when they were most dependent upon the good will of the architect, they achieved their greatest triumphs; for this new painting with colour and light on enormous areas of glass amounted to the conquest of a new artistic field. Glass painting, from being a pleasant accessory of the old order of architecture, had gradually become an indispensable feature of Gothic interior decoration. Its greatest successes were achieved, as were those of the Gothic style as a whole, primarily north of the Alps, and its decline accompanied that of the style as a whole (West 104-05). In appropriating sculpture, Gothic cathedral architecture presented it with such gigantic new problems that it was taxed almost beyond its strength. The figures that had previously been sparingly applied to doorways and towers multiplied and became immense crowds nestling in groups round doorways and towers. As a result of this dependence on architecture, more sculpture was commissioned in the Gothic period than at any other time between antiquity and the baroque era; indeed the sculptor has probably never been so much in demand as he was then (West 137-39). At the end of the Gothic period, when architecture tired, when cathedrals, started at the peak of the period, remained unfinished despite increasingly extended building periods; when towers, planned on a gigantic scale, were left incomplete; when niches on pillars and portals still remained empty, sculpture was still strong enough to leave the sinking ship, alert enough to recapture part of its former territory. It was altar-decoration which gave new life to the dying art of monumental sculpture. Here sculptors and wood carvers gradually developed the simplicity of the early retable into an architectural structure worthy to carry their figures. The Gothic winged altar grew from the mensa, until, high under the distant vaulting, multitudinous groups of figures were gathered into its forest-like branches, both over centrepiece and over wings. At the close of the Gothic period a true Kleinplastik developed-Kleinplastik is an untranslatable word which applies to small, delicate carvings, sometimes only a few inches high, which were later to become the passion of the lay collector with his delight in elaborate material and craftsmanship. The ideals of the thirteenth century were still those that had inspired the crusades and which, towards the end of the eleventh century, had fired the western Christian world with a zeal to free the Holy Land from the Mohammedan infidels. In the space of a few generations, religious fervour and love of adventure moved hundreds of thousands from every country to do battle with the dangerously advancing forces of Islam. Great victories awaited them, but also shameful defeats; fame and riches, but imprisonment and miserable death as well. An important after-effect of the period of the crusades, which really ended at the close of the thirteenth century, was the growing prosperity, not only at the courts but also amongst the lesser nobility and the burghers. It was accompanied by a taste for luxury, a desire for a less simple mode of life, which in turn generated the forces needed to satisfy the new demands. The world had become, in contemporary eyes,-not only bigger and wider, but also more beautiful and interesting. Thus poetry and the arts, as well as the crafts, which had worked almost solely for the honour of God and the glory of his Church, were now called upon to glorify the everyday world (West 210-11). Commerce and the crafts, in all their colourful diversity, gained respect. As they grew in importance, guilds and merchant companies came into being, and succeeded in getting a voice in the administration of the cities, until the cities finally obtained freedom from the feudal overlord, owed allegiance only to the emperor, and were able to form political alliances with other cities. There was no more bondage for the burgher. The main roads met in the cities, which were the centres for travellers and pilgrims and for the trade of goods from far and near. The great building organizations were situated within their walls and they sheltered the artists and craftsmen; new wealth accumulated in the cities and with it a new civic pride appeared. All these developments offered the Gothic sculptor and carver many opportunities and, moreover, each generation had an insatiable desire to express its own artistic feeling. This was only made possible, over the years, by making room, by repeatedly clearing away or destroying the outmoded work of previous generations. Furthermore, the changing and often more elaborate liturgical customs and rites of the high and late Middle Ages demanded new equipment, new furnishings, and these afforded new subjects for the artist. For example, the appearance of the Rosary brotherhoods of the late Middle Ages produced a flood of Gothic Madonnas. The fast-spreading cult of St Anne led to the creation of charming groups showing her with the Virgin and Child (Branner 47). The number of altars increased considerably during the Gothic period in the cathedrals and collegiate churches especially, but also in the parish churches. The spacious churches of this era often had dozens of altars, sometimes more than fifty. The burgher, noble, or even ecclesiastic donors of these altars made themselves responsible for the material needs of the priest who served at their altar as well as for the provision of an artistically conceived altar with furnishings of admirable craftsmanship (Frankl 95). For such an altarpiece tradition demanded a representation of the patron saint, a cross, candelabra, an altar cloth, and robes. The buttresses of the new churches favoured the construction of subsidiary chapels and thereby increased the potential space for additional altars, which meant more commissions for the artists. The altarpiece which, as the chief domain of art, combined painting and sculpture in a common effort, has become the classic expression of late Gothic art for the world at large. In these altarpieces, the central section was generally reserved for three-dimensional figures. The insides of the wings were often given to the carvers for their reliefs, if they had not already been allotted to the paintersfor whom the outsides of the wings were always reserved. Such an altar complex was indeed imposing; its changing face-different on weekdays, Sundays and feast days-served as a kind of three-dimensional picture book of the church year for a pious world which could as yet neither read nor write, and so readily sought these vivid illustrations of the scriptures. The Western world found, in Gothic art, a means of symbolizing the Christian capacity to experience life and religion as conceived within the framework of medieval piety. Although each nation added something of its own national peculiarities the style retained its validity as a common artistic expression of Western Christianity and was universally recognized. Works Cited Branner, Robert. Burgundian Gothic Architecture. A. Zwemmer, 1960. Frankl, Paul. Gothic Architecture. Penguin Books, 1962. West, George Herbert. Gothic Architecture in England and France. G. Bell Sons, 1911. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-353015607031303474.post-33959526115335093072019-11-14T21:49:00.001-08:002019-11-14T21:49:03.057-08:00Carnal Knowledge by Boyle Essay -- Carnal Knowledge Boyle Essays PaperCarnal Knowledge by Boyle In the story ââ¬Å"Carnal Knowledgeâ⬠, by T. Coraghessan Boyle, Jim is the main character who loves to eat meat. He would love nothing more than to enjoy a dinner of ââ¬Å"Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribsâ⬠. (1107) However, Jimââ¬â¢s cravings for ââ¬Å"Kentucky Fried or Chicken McNuggetsâ⬠were no match for Alena Jorgensen. (1108) Alena is an obsessive animal rights activist whom Jim met while laying on the beach feeling sorry for himself. When a person has feelings of depression and loneliness it can be very easy for another person to come into their life and change their whole persona. Jim had just turned 30 and was feeling depressed for not having anyone in his life. After dozing on the beach awhile Jim awoke to an ââ¬Å"unmistakable odorâ⬠, heââ¬â¢d been pissed on.(1108) He first heard Alenaââ¬â¢s voice after cursing the dog. Alena is a very attractive girl and Jim fell for her immediately. Alena and Jim left the beach to go clean the piss off his clothes at Alenaââ¬â¢s house. While waiting for the clothes to dry, they began a conversation about animal rights. Animal rights are a huge issue in Alenaââ¬â¢s life. Jim never paid much attention to the issue but because of Alenaââ¬â¢s beauty and kindness he was willing to listen. Jimââ¬â¢s feeling of loneliness has a big impact on his view of Alena. If Jim met another girl that day on the beach, and who was not as attractive he would have acted very different. Jim was very vulnerable at that moment and needed som... Carnal Knowledge by Boyle Essay -- Carnal Knowledge Boyle Essays Paper Carnal Knowledge by Boyle In the story ââ¬Å"Carnal Knowledgeâ⬠, by T. Coraghessan Boyle, Jim is the main character who loves to eat meat. He would love nothing more than to enjoy a dinner of ââ¬Å"Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribsâ⬠. (1107) However, Jimââ¬â¢s cravings for ââ¬Å"Kentucky Fried or Chicken McNuggetsâ⬠were no match for Alena Jorgensen. (1108) Alena is an obsessive animal rights activist whom Jim met while laying on the beach feeling sorry for himself. When a person has feelings of depression and loneliness it can be very easy for another person to come into their life and change their whole persona. Jim had just turned 30 and was feeling depressed for not having anyone in his life. After dozing on the beach awhile Jim awoke to an ââ¬Å"unmistakable odorâ⬠, heââ¬â¢d been pissed on.(1108) He first heard Alenaââ¬â¢s voice after cursing the dog. Alena is a very attractive girl and Jim fell for her immediately. Alena and Jim left the beach to go clean the piss off his clothes at Alenaââ¬â¢s house. While waiting for the clothes to dry, they began a conversation about animal rights. Animal rights are a huge issue in Alenaââ¬â¢s life. Jim never paid much attention to the issue but because of Alenaââ¬â¢s beauty and kindness he was willing to listen. Jimââ¬â¢s feeling of loneliness has a big impact on his view of Alena. If Jim met another girl that day on the beach, and who was not as attractive he would have acted very different. Jim was very vulnerable at that moment and needed som... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14501128817694326153noreply@blogger.com0